Coin finds and the Heidentor monument from Carnuntum

OSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ABTEILUNG KULTUR UND WISSENSCHAFT DES LANDES NIEDEROSTERREICH GESELLSCHAFT DER FREUNDE CARNUNTUMS CARNVNTVM J AHRBVCH 2000 Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2001 ■bse '3661- 'zl sur 'o6s6moh "MO 9SS al!s SM1jo uo|sn|ouoo ieouojsili joj pasn aq ueo suraa jo Aiijuenb eqi mou. 6uiujeouoQ m 'H6S U sas ';sqop m '(°j<d uo!;bwjoju| ^ Z8-'r (£860 Bui» :xi-|A OIU 89S suoiieuiwouap av A"jn}uao mp jo uoissnosip aqi joj 9el JSjnBiA] spruyeo pue juBum MSi|UB|/\| Aq paAOJdwi uchsjsa usiiOug ai eqj jo supo snojewnu ;sow aqj_ ']| sni;uE;suoo jo supo aq; uo A|uo punoj uaaq aABq auo iSB| em 'XXX11AIAI XXIOA PUB/vw O 9£W OO BVIUOIOIA }o sasjaAaj 9L|i juasajd spujj upo aq; 8fr£-Z1?e ov pouad aq; joj -Jo;uappH \v spuij ujoo aq; u| ;uasqs s] ip£-0P£ av pouad em "o^g lliun SA110H3X3 VIUOIO i° A;mui;uoo aq; SMoqs g^g jo wjojoj eq; ajojaq poped aqi '(9 '£ "Bjj' V ape;) uBpj |@ jsaA/spujj juepyjaoo e sb gfg pub spuij upo aq; jo %gg sjuasajdaj ipjUM (;gg-Z£g) I aui;uB;suoo jo suos em jo pouad am wojj sawoo supo jo AniUBnb ;sa66p aqi 'SIlOdONIlNVlSNOO PUB VIAIOH S9HA j°j sanssi aq; 6ui;daoxa (spjEpuB;s om; pus euo) SA1IDU3X3 VIUOIO i° 9dA; aq; jo aouEUjiuop am Aq pesuspEJBqo s\ (zsg-OSS) I au!;uB;suoo jo pouad ;sb] aq; jo asjaAej em | snppn joj panssj supo am joj A|uo OOAVIU01VAH3SN00 IAOI Pub ] eujjUBjsuoQ IQIOOAVIHOI -VAU3SNOD IAOI Pub I1MOO OlOIANI IIOS sadA; asjaAaj am jo aouBUjiuop eq; Aq pasuapejBqo bje g (.g jbjjb pouad aq; jo supo am g ;g-go£ av pouad am ui panssi upo Aub jo >pB| em s| ajaq pauojjuaw aq jsntu qoiqM uoyEAjasqo ;sjy aqi -(g -g -g 'dy' i aps;) uBpj jo JBaA/spuu jo papijjaoo b sb ZZ' V pue spuy uioo jo |e;oj aq; jo % gg sjuesejdaj qojqM spujj ujoo aqj jo asBBJOuj Buojjs b si ajeq; (zgg-gos) I auijuBjsuoo jo popad aq; joj ■uBjaj jo jeaA/spujj jo jueioijjaoo b sb ^O'O pue % g'o sjuasajdaj siqj 'eBBjuaojad b sv 'Bapejan ;b jesbeq snua|EQ joj penssj ujoo auo A|uo Aq pejuesajdej si (goe—V2Z) AqojBJjai jsjij aqj jo pouad am -(g -g z 'Bij) ZVQ A|aA|padsaj go'O sajBoipui uBjej jo JBaA/spuij jo juap -ijjaoo aqj :A|eA!padsaj % q pue % g juessjdaj sajjnjueo pig aqj pUB [Jug aqj 'supo jo aBBj -uaojad eqj uo pasEg ■gzs-ogg ov pouad aqj oj BujBuoiaq „a|Ajs snojEqjBq,, aq; jo saoajd om} os|B pus uEiujuojus (. - snqojd 'snojsqjBq ubiujuojue j - | snopjaj. 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JOiuepiaj-l IB suopeAeoxa |eo!Bo|oeepoje eq; jo su\oo am SQNIJ NIOQ -||1 9\-Z spuy ujoo - Lunjunujso uoa jojuepian sea 216 Cristian Gazdac period 337-361 come after the reform of AD 348 (see the catalogue). As was already demonstrated, the reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO, the type of "falling horseman", is the only one to be found among the coins issued in the period after the reform of 348, es- pecially after 352129. The emperors with a short period of reign, namely Julian and iovian, are represented by a small number of coins, 2 and 1 respectively, which represent 2 % of the coin finds and 1 as a coefficient finds/year of reign (table 1, fig. 3. 6). All three coins present the type VOTAon reverse (see the catalogue). The last period which provides an important quantity of coin finds at Heidentor is AD 364-378. As a coefficient of entry/year of reign this period reaches the highest level of value, namely 3.35 and 28 % as percentage of coins (table 1, fig. 3. 6). The only reverse types found on the coins of Valentinianus !, Valens and Gratian are those of SECVRITAS REPVBUCAEand GLORIA ROMANORVM. The latest coins are from Valentinianus II (1) and Arcadius (2), issued in the period AD 388—393. As a percentage of the entire quantity of coin finds at Heidentor they represent 2 % and 0.2 as a coefficient finds/year of reign (table 1, fig. 3. 6). All three coins have the reverse of SALVS REiPVBLICAE. The majority of coins belongs to the periods of Constantine I to Valentinianus l-Valens (see the catalogue, table 1, fig. 1. 6). Concerning the denominations, it can be seen that, except for the denarii of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Macrinus and Severus Alexander and the antoniniani of the 3 d century, all the other coins are bronze (see the catalogue). The bronze coins found at Heidentor is- sued in the 1st, 2nd and 3Id centuries are as (Nerva), dupondii (M. Aurelius), sestertius (un- identified) and "barbarous" antoniniani with no content of silver. We have to mention here that the only coin found for the first Tetrarchy, nummus "foilis" of Galerius Caesar (see the catalogue), is over-weight (10.90gr.) in relation to the normal report of 1/32 to the pound130. All coin finds of the 4ifl century at Heidentor are in bronze, two of them silvered. This situation is very common, not only for the 4th century; it is a general rule that people dropped coins of small value and tried not ta lose the coins of high value135. The coin finds are more or less consistent with the weight limits for their period (for the range in limits of weights see table 2). Those coins issued between AD 317 and AD 330 range between "normal" weight limits established for this period132, two are over-weight (3.7 and 3.6 gr.) compared to the theoretical standard of 3.38 gr.133 and one with only 1.7 gr. probably be- longs to a lower denomination. The multiple reductions of weight in the years AD 330 and AD 335 (or AD 336)134 are also reflected in the coin finds from Heidentor which provide weights between 3 gr. and 2.1 gr. for those issued in the period AD 330-335 and between 1.8 and 0.8 gr. for those issued in the period AD 335-348 (see the catalogue, table 2). The next period AD 348-361 is characterised by the abundant presence of the lowest denomi- nation which followed the multiple reductions in weight which took place after the reform of See RIC viii 36. 530 It has been considered that the theoretical weight of this coin was 10.15 gr.: King (1993) 18. - The actual average weight is even lower, o. 9.74 gr.: P. Bastien, Le monnayage de ['atelier de Lyon de la reforme mo- netaire de Dlocletien a la fermeture de I'atelier en 316 (294-316) (1980) 43. 131 C. King, The value of hoards and site finds in relation to monetary circulation in the late third and early fourth centuries AD, Studien zu Fundmunzen der Antike 1,1976,80; R. Reece, Coinage in Roman Britain (1987) 29. 132 It has been established that figures ranging between 2,95 gr. and 3,24 gr. probably represent the same bronze denomination: King (1993) 22. 133 ibidem; M. F. Hendy, Studies in the Byzantine monetary economy, c, 300-1450 (1985) 465. 13J King (1993) 25f. Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 217 48 ■ 44 40 - 36- 32- 28. 24 20-I 16 12 No. Coins 47 40 38 1 1 1 n , n , n 2 XL 1111 111 . ■—■ , i—■ . I—■ . i—r _ I l i-| |-||r-ii 16 2 H N H AP MA Ma SA 3rd c. TO I) C C1I Cn Cs Is Iv WG VA Emperors Fig. 1: Histogram of the coins from Heidentor N = Nerva; H = Hadrianus; AP = Antoninus Pius; MA= Marcus Aurelius; Ma= Macrinus; SA = Severus Alexander; 3,d c. = 3,d century; TD = Traianus Decius; G = Gallienus; T = Tetricus I; P = Probus; D = Diocle- tianus; C = Constantinus I; C II = Constantinus ii: Cn = Constans; Cs = Constantius II; ls = lulianus; lv = lovianus; VVG = period of years 364-378 (Valentinian I, Valens, Gratianus); VA = Valentinian II, Arca- dius (period of 383-395) Entries/ year 3 - 3,35 1,66 1,22 1,23 0,5 0,33 |~| 0,05 0,04 °'1 I I , r-i , r- . n 0,5 0,5 n O'33 0,06 n 0,14 0,04 0,25 n 0,66 n °'5 0,2 XL N H AT MA Ma SA TO G D C CH Cn Cs Is Iv WG VA Emperors Fig. 2: Histogram of entries/year of reign of the coins from Heidentor N = Nerva; H = Hadrianus; AP = Antoninus Pius; MA = Marcus Aurelius; Ma = Macrinus; SA = Severus Alexander; 3,d c. = 3"1 century; TD = Traianus Decius; G = Gallienus; T-Tetricus I; P = Probus; D = Diocle- tianus; C = Constantinus I; C II = Constantinus II; Cn = Constans; Cs = Constantius II; ls = lulianus; lv = lovianus; WG-period of years 364-378 (Valentinian I, Valens, Gratianus); VA = Valentinian 1L Arca- dius (period of 383-395) 218 Cristian Gizdac Entries/ year 3,5- 3 - 2,5- 2 - 1.5 - 1 ■ 0,5 - 0,05 0,12 1,22 0,04 2,45 3,35 0,2 2nd c. 3rd c. 284-305 306-337 337-361 361-364 364-378 378-395 Emperors Fig. 3: Histogram of entries/period of the coins from Heiderttor AD 348135. All three coins (no. 116-118) found for the reign of Julian and Jovian indicate, in concordance with the monetary policy, the rise of weight during these reigns of Juiian and iovian136. For the period 364-378, coin finds reflect almost a stabilisation of weight. The coins minted in this period range between 2.8 gr. and 1.6 gr. with few exceptions, namely coins no. 121, 123 and 138 which have 3.1 gr. and coin no. 132 which has 1.2 gr., but the last coin was double-struck on obverse (see the catalogue no. 132). This situation is com- mon in this period for the whole Roman Empire because a new coin was struck at 132 to the pound (circa 2.46 gr.) and no change was made to its weight until 378137. The next re- duction in weights which occurred in the years 379 and 381 and produced the new coins minted at 252 (c. 1.28 gr.) and 192 (c. 1.63 gr. )138 are also proved by the coin finds at Hei- dentor. Ail coins minted in this period have a weight between 1.1 gr. and 1.5 gr. (see the catalogue, table 2). Another aspect which has to be pointed out is how the coin finds from Heidentor reflect the contribution of different mints to the coin supply. As a well known rule the coins minted until the middle of the 3rtl century were issued by the central mint of Rome. The scarcity of material for the period before 4th century does not allow us to make more comments about 135 For the successive reductions in weight after the reform of 348, see RIC VIII 35-39; P Bastien, Le mon- nayage de I'atelier de Lyon de la mortde Constantin a la mortde Juiien (337-363) (1985) 96. 104; M. F Hendy, op, cit. 469: King (1993) 27-30. ,3S RIC VIII 64 n. 32; King (1993) 30. 127 RIC VIII 66; P. Bastien, Le monnayage de I'atelier de Lyon de la mort de Constantin a la mort de Juiien (363-413) (1987) 83; King (1993) 31. 13a p Bastien, Le monnayage de I'atelier de Lyon de la mort de Constantin a la mort de Juiien (363-413) (1987) 86-87; King (1993) 31-32. Das Heidentor von Carnuntum — Coin Finds 219 96 S '5 3 05 o c a) '5 u o 0DSDDQDQDQ CSS E o E 5j € > > > EE C u 1£J I-- to O O 0) O et I! e > > O cu cc 5 1 (d — X II £^ O — 0 c (J CD >. to 3 O II Js C * o cd . - £ g * s Ego? g«i 1 r. as *1 co - 3 c CO c o O ii 2 o o ii o 1 b ii □ 220 Cristian GSzdac coin supply. All that we can say for this period is that the opening of mint at Siscia in 262133 is reflected by the presence of one coin issued at this mint during the sole reign of Gallie- nus and Probus. The mint of Mediolanum is also represented by one coin found at Hei- dentor for the same sole reign of Gallienus (table 4). The 4m century coin finds indicate a variety of mint issues. Amongst these, the main mint seems to be Siscia. Starting with the period of Constantine I (306-337) the coins issued at this mint are the most common. Whereas during the period AD 306-337 the mint of Siscia is followed very closely by that of Thessalonica (9 coins from Siscia, 8 from Thes- salonica), during the next period of sons of Constantine I (337-361) the mint of Siscia seems to have the monopoly of coin supply. This situation is strongly consolidated in the period AD 364-375 when Siscia reaches the highest level of coin finds at Heidentor (table 4, fig. 4). In fact the situation of coin supply at Heidentor is a reflection on a small scale of the general aspect from Carnuntum. The close of mint from Siscia around 387'40 is marked at Carnuntum by the small number of coins issued at this mint after 375, but no coins of this period were found at Heidentor (tables 3-5, fig. 4). The last period of coin finds at Heidentor (383-393) has two of four coins issued by the mint of Aquileia and the other two have the exergue broken or erased (see the catalogue, fig. 4). Unfor- tunately 10 % of the coins have the exergue broken or they are in a bad state of preser- vation which makes the identification of the mint impossible (see catalogue, table 4, fig. 4. 7). We can conclude that the 4th century coin supply was dominated at Heidentor as well as for Carnuntum by the mint of Siscia which represents 41 % at Heidentor and 45 % in Car- nuntum from all coin finds during the 4"1 century (tables 4. 5, fig. 2). As to the quantity of coin finds, the mint of Siscia is followed by those of Thessalonica, Rome, Aquileia, Con- stantinople (table 4, fig. 2). This situation is similarly reflected by the coin supply for the whole Roman site of Carnuntum (table 5, fig. 2) and at the same time it proves that the main mints to supply this area were the nearest ones1i1. At this point, we can try some historical conclusions based on the monetary material. An explanation for the monetary situation can be offered by the special historical context of this site. There is no evidence of an earlier monument which was replaced later by Hei- dentor142. Therefore the small number of coins issued in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd centuries could mean that they were in use longer or they were dropped much earlier143. As we already specified at the beginning of this article, the archaeological context does not allow us to identify exactly the periods of loss. All earliest coins have been found in the same layer which was disturbed during the Middle Ages. In this case, the most important conclusions which can be reflected by the monetary situation derive from the situation of the 4th century coinage. At this point, based on the coins' statistics, we can try to establish the moment when Heidentor was built and for how long it was in use. 133 A, Alfdldi, Siscia. Vorarbeiten zu einem Corpus der in Siscia gepragten Rdmermunzen, Nunnizmatikai Kozldny, 26/27; 1928/1929, 25, considers the mint of Siscia was opened at the end of 261 or 262. The most recently approach considers the year 262 as the year of first issue from Siscia. We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Cathy King for this information. ™ RIC IX 140. 154. "1 As has been suggested by Dr. C. Howgego an area is supplied with coins predominantly from the nea- rest mints; C. Howgego, JRA 7, 1994, 12-13. ■™ Information Prof. Dr. W. Jobst. 143 For the discussion of how long a Roman coin could stay in circulation see R. Reece, Coinage in Roman Britain (1987) 58. 78. Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 221 % 40 35 - 30 38,8 25 20 32, IB 28,4 10- s n 25 ..... 0rS □CARNVNTVM m Heidentor 24,4::;::: 2,6 1,9 3,9 2,6 0,2 284-305 306-337 33 7-3 SI 361-364 364-378 378-395 3 55-40 S Period s Fig. 5: Comparative histogram of percentages for the coins from Carnuntum and Heidentor Until recently, different periods ot construction were considered for Heidentor, starting with the reign of Septimius Severus and Caracalla144 and continuing with the conference of 308145. Some scholars considered that this monument was built later, under the reign of Constantius IV™. There are some numismatic arguments which can be used to establish the date of con- struction of Heidentor. At first sight, based on the numismatic material, we can exclude the possibility that Heidentor was built during the reign of Septimius Severus. At a time when an enormous increase occurred in the quantity of coins in Carnuntum147, at Heidentor there are no coins from the reign of Septimius Severus or Caracalla and the other early coins could have been dropped much earlier or stayed longer in circulation (see the cata- logue and table 1). In this situation we need to look at the other two hypothesis: the conference at Carnuntum in AD 308 and the reign of Constantius it. '** For dating the monument under Septimius Severus-Elagabal see W. Kubitschek - S. Frankfurter, Fuh- rer durch Carnuntum (1923) 190. For the proposition that this monument was built in the period Septi- mius Severus-Caracalla see A. Obermayr, Romerstadt Carnuntum (1967) 220-221 but also the author offers the possibility that Heidentor could have been built later, under Constantius ii, based on the affir- mation of Ammianus Marcellinus 222. "5 For dating Heidentor in 308 see W. Kleiss, Germania 60, 1982, 225, us E. Swoboda, Carnuntum. Seine Geschichte und seine Denkmaler1(1964) 173; H. Stiglitz- M. Kandler- W. Jobst, in: ANRW II 6 (1977) consider the inscriptions and work blocks of the beginning of the 3rti cen- tury just a terminus post quern for Heidentor (p. 615). They also suggest the possibility that the monu- ment was built under Constantius II, based on the same information of Ammianus Marcellinus (p, 618); W. Jobst, Provinzhauptstadt Carnuntum (1983) 40. 147 See FMRO III 1, passim. 222 Cristian Gazdac It has already been demonstrated that the construction or the beginning of activity for a new monument or building is marked by the increase of the coin number148. From this point of view, if Heidentor was built around AD 308 we should have found some coins which were minted during the first Tetrarchy or from the first years of the reign of Constantine I (306-308). The present situation indicates only one coin found for the period of the first Tetrarchy and no coins from the beginning of the Constantine period (see the catalogue, table 2, fig. 1). The theory that the nummi of the earlier Tetrarchy were recoining for the new coins149 cannot be applied here. It is hard to believe that coins eventually lost during the construction work have been recovered later to be re-minted. Furthermore, the first coins' finds minted in the Constantine period are from the years 313-317 and the majority of coins from the period AD 306-337 (28 out of 38) was issued after AD 330 and also couid have circulated later under the sons of Constantine I. On the other hand, the coins of the period AD 337-361 are represented at Heidentor in targe number both as a total number of coins - 59 (table 1) as well as a percentage of coins found at Carnuntum - 38.8 % (fig. 5). The coefficient finds/year of reign is 2.45 (fig. 3). The increase of coin finds for the reign of Constantius II is well known'80. At first sight, the large number of coin finds for the period AD 337-361 at Heidentor could be linked with this general aspect. On the other hand we did a comparative histogram of percentages of the coin finds in the 4th cen- tury at Carnuntum and Heidentor. The result revealed a huge difference between these two items for the period of the first Tetrarchy. Although the coins of the period AD 284-305 constitute 8 % of the total of coin finds from Carnuntum, the one piece found for the same period at Heidentor represents only 0.6% of the total (fig. 5). The situation is radically changed for the period AD 337-361 when the percentage of coin finds of Heidentor (38.8 %) exceeds the general situation of Carnuntum (32.1 %) (fig. 5) and indicates an in- crease in the monetary activity in the area of Heidentor. All these arguments lead us to the hypothesis that Heidentor was built later than 308, probably under the reign of the sons of Constantine I. In addition, according to the ancient historian Ammianus Marcel I in us, it is possible that Heidentor was built under the sole reign of Constantius II (351-361) when triumphal arches were constructed after the vic- tory of the emperor against external enemies151. Considering the period after Heidentor was built, the coins issued in the latest periods must be taken into account. The comparison with the general situation from Carnuntum in- dicates a similarity of numismatic situations (fig. 5). Moreover the monetary situation seems to confirm the other sources for this period. Thus the presence of the emperor Val- entinianus I at Carnuntum, where he had his headquarters152, is marked by a rich period of coin finds at Heidentor and possible repair works of the monument, as well as in general in Carnuntum (see the catalogue, tables 1. 3, fig. 1. 2. 5). The next period AD 378-395 rep- resents the last chronological sequence of coin finds at Heidentor. Coin finds dramatically cease for periods later than AD 378: only 4 pieces for the period AD 378-395 (see the 140 A. McWhirr, Houses in Roman Cirencester (The Coins by R. Reece), Cirencester Excavations III (1986) 103. The evidence of coin finds in comparison with the general situation shows the scarcity of coins at the place before a monument or a building has been built. 149 J.-P. Callu - J.-N. Barrandon et al., Uinflazione nel IV secolo (295-361): il contributo delle analisi, So- cieta Romana e Impero Tardoantico I, Instituzioni, Ceti, Economie (1986) 546-566. ,5C RIC VIII 37. - For the possible reasons of this large issues during the reign of Constastius II, especially after 350, see also J.-P. Callu, Quantifier I'inflation du IV0 s.: modes et causes de 1'evolution du volume des frappes, Atti dell'incontro di studio Roma 1988 (1993) 110. 151 Ammianus Marcellinus 21.16.15. 152 A. Mocsy, Pannonia and Upper Moesia. A history of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire (1974)295. Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 223 2rd. c. 37S-395 306-337 22% 337-361 35% Fig. 6: Pie-chart with percentages of the coins from Heidentor IIEIWiNTOK 44% Fig. 7: Comparative pie charts of the mints for the general monetary situation at Carnuntum and Heidentor (4th century AD) R = Rome; L= Lugdunum; M - Mediolanum; TR = Treveri; Ar = Are!ate; Ti = Ticinum; A = Aquileia; S = Sir- mium; T = Thessalonica; H = Heraclea; C = Constantinople; N = Nicomedia; Cy = Cyzicus; At = Antioch; UM = Unidentified Mint; OM = other mints with under 1 % (Londinium, 0.1 %, Treveri 0.9 %, Ostia 0.05 %., Serdica 0.1 %, Alexandria 0.8 %, Carthago 0.6 %) 224 Cristian Gazdac catalogue, table 1, fig. 1. 5). This situation is, more or less, convergent with the general numismatic situation at Carnuntum where the same sharp decline in the number and per- centage of coins is recorded for the period AD 395-408 (table 3). The last period for mon- etary activity at Carnuntum corresponds with the last period of Roman administration of this site when the whole province of Pannonia Prima is exposed to attacks by barbarians. As it has been demonstrated, the coin evidence in this province after 375 is very rare153. The restriction of monetary circulation at Carnuntum, as well for the whole province of Pannonia Prima, can be connected with the settlement of a considerable mass of barbar- ians, as foederati, "who paralysed economic life"'54 and later caused the loss of this prov- ince by the Romans155. In this context we can suppose that at the beginning of the 5th cen- tury the monument of Heidentor was no longer in use. Table 1: Coins from Heidentor NO. Emperors Years of reign No. of coins % Entries/year 1 NERVA 96-98 1 0.5 0.33 2 HADRIAN 117-138 1 0.5 0.05 3 ANTONINVS PIVS 138-161 1 0.5 0.04 4 MARCVS AVRELIVS 161-180 2 1.1 0.10 5 MACRINVS 217-218 1 0.5 0.50 6 SEVERVS ALEXANDER 222-235 1 0.5 0.07 7 Middle 3lci century - 1 0.5 - 9 TRAIANVS DECIVS 249-251 1 0.5 0.50 10 GALLIENVS 260-268 4 2.3 0.50 11 TETRICVS I 270-273 1 0.5 0.33 12 PROBVS 276-282 1 0.5 0.14 13 Period AD 260-275 2 1.1 0.13 14 DIOCLETIANVS: 284-305 1 0.5 0.04 a Galerius (Caesar) 15 CONSTANTINVS I 306-337 38 22.4 1.22 a Constantinus I 14 b Licinius I 2 c Helena 1 d Constantinus II (Caesar) 5 e Constantius II (Caesar) 9 f Constans (Caesar) 3 g Urbs Roma 3 h Constantinopolis 1 ,K Ibidem 345. ,&l Ibidem 343. ,;'5 Ibidem 350. Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 225 No. Emperors Years of reign No. of coins % Entries/year 16 CONSTANTINVS II 337-340 1 0.5 0.25 17 CON STAN S 337-350 16 9.4 1.23 18 CONSTANTIVS II 337-361 40 23.6 1.66 a Constantius II 31 b Divus Constantinus I 1 c Gallus (Caesar) 1 d lulianus (Caesar) 6 e Vetranio 1 19 Sons of Constantine I 337-361 2 1.1 20 IVLIANVS 361-363 2 1.1 0.66 21 IOVIANVS 363-364 1 0.5 0.50 22 Period AD'364-378 47 27.8 3.35 a VALENTINIANVS I 15 b VALENS 26 c GRATIANVS 6 23 Period AD 378-395 4 2.3 0.2 a Period AD 378-383 b Period AD 383-388 1 0.5 c Period AD 388-395 3 0.4 d VALENTINIANVS II 1 e ARCADIVS 2 TOTAL 169 Table 2: Weights of coins from Heidentor (4s" century)' Periods 1/72 c. 4.51 g 1/96 C. 3.38 g 1/120 c. 2.70 9 1/132 c. 2.46 g 1/144 or 1/156 C. 2.25-2.08 g 1/192 C. 1.69 g 1/252 C. 1.28 g 1/240 or 1/288 c. 1.35-1.13 g 1/360 c. 0.90 g 313-330 4 3 1 2 1 330-335 1 4 2 6 2 1 335-348 14 348-351 2 1 1 14(H) 13 (1f) 2 (If) 351-363 2 4 3 4 8 9(6f) 1f 364-378 4 6 4 25 (1f) 6(1f) 2 378-395 4 TOTAL 4 27 16 12 42 (1 f) 36 (8f) 2 14 (1f) 3(2f) The separation of coins by weight, on report to the Roman pound and present weight, have been reali- sed according to King (1993) 23ff.; (f) = fragmentary piece. 226 Cristian Gazdac Table 3: Genera! situation of isolated finds at Carnuntum ^1 1 LUd ul Yfiars of rsicjn No, coins Finds/year % 289 Id./ Q o Constantine 1 306-337 1019 32.8 28.5 Sons of Constantine 1 337-361 1143 47.6 31.9 Divus Constantinus 1 35 0.9 Helena 10 0.2 Theodora 2 0.05 Magnentius 350-353 12 4 0.3 Constantine II 337-340 21 7 0.5 Con stan s 337-350 347 26.6 9.7 Constantius II 337-361 716 29.8 20 Period AD 361-364 361-364 95 31.6 2.6 Julian 361-363 65 32.5 1.7 lovian 363-364 30 30 0.8 Period AD 364-378 364-378 877 62.6 24.5 Valentinian I 364-375 355 32.2 9.9 Valens 364-378 417 29.7 11.6 G rati an 367-378 104 9.4 2.9 Prooopius 365-366 1 1 0.02 Period AD 378-395 378-395 140 8.2 3.9 G rati an 378-383 14 2.8 0.3 Valentinian II 378-392 31 2.2 0.8 Theodosius I 379-395 39 2.4 1 Magnus Maximus 383-388 16 3.2 0.4 Flavius Victor 387-388 2 2 0.05 Eugenius 392-394 2 1 0.05 Arcadius 383-395 34 2.8 0.9 Honorius 393-395 2 1 0.05 Period AD 395^08 395-408 9 0.6 0.2 Arcadius 395-408 2 0.1 0.05 Honorius 395-402 7 1 0.1 TOTAL 3572 Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 227 Table 4: 4th century coins at Heidentor No. Emperors Mints R L Tr Ar A Siscia S T h C N Cy At UM 1 DIOCLETIANVS: 1 a Gaierius (Caesar) 2 CONSTANTINVS I 2 1 1 1 9 8 2 5 4 4 1 a Constantinus I 1 1 3 4 2 2 1 b Licinius I 1 1 c Helena 1 Constantinus II (Caesar) 1 1 1 1 1 e Constantius II (Caesar) 1 1 4 1 1 1 f Constans "(Caesar) 2 1 g Urbs Roma 1 1 1 h Constantinopolis 1 3 CONSTANTINVS II 1 4 CONSTANS 1 2 9 4 5 CONSTANTIVS ii 2 1 2 17 3 2 1 3 1 2 6 a Constantius II 2 2 12 2 2 1 2 1 2 5 b Divus Constantinus I 1 c Vetranio 1 d Gallus (Caesar) 1 b lulianus (Caesar) 1 4 1 6 Sons of Constantine I 1 1 7 IVLIANVS 2 8 IOVIANVS 1 9 Period AD 364-375 2 1 1 5 24 6 1 1 1 5 a VALENTIN IANVS I 2 10 3 b VALENS 1 1 1 3 9 3 1 1 1 5 c G RATI ANVS 1 5 10 Period AD 383-393 2 2 ! a Period AD 383-393 b VALENTIN I ANVS ii c ARCADIVS 2 TOTAL 7 3 2 1 12 61 3 20 5 10 5 6 2 - = 228 Cristian Gazdac o ~S a> TO CD co E | ! ;_ co -O dc t 1 cB < I - I I o O) CS _cz 5 to O I t cd O «" "5 lz * cu ^ I 3 i- g P| ■S: .. >■ O <D O ° « 'i b S5- ii « < CD £ E o ■n co zi ll 11 c X o fz O g ra cd co > CD ? iE < H Unid. mint CM co LO CO r-i— CO CD CM CO LO CO LO co CM CM CO CM CM CO o LO CM Al Cart CM ^j-CM ,'- CD CO CM CD CM CO < 00 CO © tM 00 Cy t f If) CO CM CD CC T- CO CM CM o T— z o T— <ct CM ■tf <f CO CO CM ^ Q CO Lf) o CB CO CO ■CO L0 o CM CM CO C\' CO - I CO CO LO CM CNl o CO LO CM CO CO H CM LO CO r- 0) CO C7J CO CM If) CO CO LO C7) CO o CO Ser f Lfl Sir CM 10 LO CM CM CO CM i— If) on CM CM o r-co w CD ■3-01 co <J> CD 10 CO o CM o L0 CO CO CM CB o CO Lf) 05 CM CD CM o CM CM CO 0> CM CO Aq CM CO s i- CO CO © T— CO CD r~- CM LO if) CM CM CM CM O) CO CD o CO R Ostia Oi h- CM 03 CO CO L0 C0 CO CO CM CO T—' CV CO co 03 CM CO CM in CM Tic CO If) CM LO 0) < o "cr CO T- 01 1— CM N !"» N CD LO 01 CM CD CM "3- CO CO CO t— LO LO -* O) CO CO t 1_ 1- o T— CM CO CO CM CM CM LO CO Lon *- in If) O 00 CM CO 1 CO o CO T-CO 7 CO CO CD cz "cz re % E O D CO b CO c CD CD1 T & cz CO = •81 o CO 11 £ i= p CO c CC to cz o o CO '3 c s CO cz D o CO 3 c CD c co CO ■3-CD CO 1 CO CO LZ 3 c CS > o CO N-co CO co c CO 'c !D 3 CD EZ 5 CO Z3 a o o p c C s (0 _l LO 01 CO I CO CO C ro O E E CD 1 co "CO Q Tj o CD f- w E X (0 CO iG 2 i_ C o > CO > LL CO 'c CD z; 111 CO p Tj ca CJ < co 3 o c o T CO o 'cr I LO O) CO CO 3 ro o < CO 3 O CZ o X o 1- Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 229 NERVA 1. tnv. No. 96/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: as Axis: 6; D: 25.3 mm; W: 7.9 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 96-98 Obv: IMP [nerva c]AES AV[g pmtrp {/II?) cos (ll/lll?) p p] Head laureate right Rv: [for]TV[na august] S C Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae Reference: RIC II p. 227 no. 60; p. 228 no. 83; p. 229 no. 98 H ADRIAN VS 2. Inv. No. 12/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: denar (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.4 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 119-122 Obv: [imp caesar tlRAIAN HADRIANfus] Head laureate right Rv: [p m tr p co]S [III] exergue: [salu]S AVG Salus seated left, feeding snake coiled round altar Reference: RIC II p. 356 no. 139 ANTON I NVS PIVS 3. Inv. No. 34/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: denar Axis: 6; D: 18.7 mm: W: 3.4 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 151-152 Obv: IMP CAES T AEL HADR ANT-ONINVS AVG PIVS P P Head laureate, right Rv: TR POT XV - C-OS 111; exergue: [pax] Pax standing left, holding branch and sceptre Reference: RIC III p. 52 no. 216a(a) MARCVS AVRELIVS 4. Inv. No. 36/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: dupondius Axis: 12; D: 21.3 mm; W: 11 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 161 Obv: IMP CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG P M Bust radiate, right Rv: CONC[o]RD AVGVSTOR TR P XV S - C exergue: COS III M, Aurelius and L. Verus standing with clasped hands Reference: RIC III p. 277 no. 799 5. Inv. No: 91/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: dupondius Axis: 6; D: 25.1 mm; W: 10.6 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 170-171 Obv: [m] ANTONINVS AVG TR [p] XXV Head radiate right Rv: [imp v]l COS III S C Victory, half-draped, standing right, fixing to a tree a shield inscribed VIC/GER Reference: RIC iii p. 293 no. 1002 MACRINVS 6. Inv. No. 1/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: denar Axis: 6; D: 19.4 mm; W: 3.2 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 218 Obv: IMP C M OPEL SEV - MACRINVS AVG Bust laureate, draped, right Rv: P M TR P II COS P P Annona standing left, holding corn-ears and cornucopiae; at her feet, modius con- taining corn-ears Reference: RIC IV 2 p. 7 no. 26 SEVERVS ALEXANDER 7. Inv. No. 89/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: denar Axis: 6; D: 18.9 x 18.4 mm; W: 2.9 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 223 Obv: IMP C M AVR SEV [alexand] AVG Bust laureate and draped, right Rv: P M TR P II COS P P Mars standing left, holding olive-branch and transverse spear reverse Reference: RIC IV 2 p. 73 no. 23 TR AI AN VS DECIVS 8. Inv. No. 70/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian (half-fragment) Axis: 12; D: -; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 249-251 Obv: [imp c m q traia]NVS DECIVS AVG Bust draped, right Rv: VBERIT[as aug] Uberitas standing left, holding purse and cornucopiae Reference: RIC IV 2 p. 123 no. 28b Unidentified 9. Inv. No. 40/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: Dupondius/Sesterce? Axis: 6; D: 29 x 27.2 mm; W: 18.8 gr. Mint: - Dating: middle 3rd century Obv: almost entirely erased; head to right Rv: almost entirely erased: silhouette of per- son standing Reference: - 230 Cristian Gazdac GALLIENVS 10. Inv. No: 82/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian Axis: 6; D: 21.7 x 19 mm; W: 2.8 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 259-268 Obv: G[allien]VS AVG Head radiate, right Rv: DlA[nae cons aug] Antilope walking [eft Reference: RIC V p. 181 apud Franke - Paar (1976) 136 no. 1338; see afso Sear (1981 repr. 1983) 251 no. 2853. 11. Inv. No. 25/99 {pi, 1) Denomination: antoninian (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D: -; W: 2 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 260-268 Obv: [ga]LLIENVS AVG Head radiate right Rv: S[ecur]IT PERPET Securitas standing left, holding sceptre and leaning on column Reference: RIC V 1 no. 280 apud Franke - Paar (1976) 137 no. 1349; see also Sear (1981 repr. 1983) 253 no. 2891 Remark: Found together with no. 26/99 12. Inv. No. 78/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian Axis: 1; D: 18.7 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 259-268 Obv: GALLIENVS [aug] Head radiate, right Rv: [ube]RITAS AVG Uberitas standing left, holding bunch of grapes and cornucopiae Reference: RIC V 585 apud Franke - Paar (1976) 137 no. 1354; see also Sear (1981 repr. 1983) 253 no. 2894 13. Inv. No. 103/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian Axis: 6; D: 20.2 X 18.1 mm; W: 2.4 gr. Mint: Mediolanum Dating: 260-268 Obv: GALLIENVS AVG Bust radiate, draped on left shoulder, right Rv: APOLLO CONSER Apollo, naked, standing facing head tur- ned to left, holding olive-branch in right hand and mantle in left Reference: RIC V S468 apud H. A. Seaby, Roman silver coins IV 2 (1971) 65 no. 89 TETRICVS I 14. Inv. No. 84/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian-barbarous Axis: 6; D: -; W: 3 gr. Mint: - Dating: 270-274 Obv: [imp c tetri]CVS P F AVG Bust radiate, draped right Rv: legend erased Victory? standing left Reference: - PROBVS 15. Inv. No. 5/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian Axis: 11; D: 23.6x21.7 mm; W: 3.5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 276-282 Obv: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG Bust radiate, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: VIRTV-S PR-BI AVG exergue: XXI; in field: P Mars walking right with spear and trophy Reference: RIC V 816 apud Franke - Paar (1976) 153 no. 1539 (but XXIT in exergue); see also Sear (1981 repr. 1983) 279 no. 3278 Unidentified (AD 260-275) 16. inv. No. 30/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: antoninian (fragmentary) Axis: -; D: -; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: - Dating: 260-275 Obv: Head's silhouette to right Rv: Completely erased Reference: - Period AD 260-275 17. Inv. No. 83/99 (pi. 1) Denomination: radiate-barbarous (fragmen- tary) Axis: 2; D: -; W: 1.4 cr. Mint:- Dating: 260-275 Obv: ...CVS? Head bearded radiate, right Rv: I-I7...AVG Female standing left sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia Reference: - DIOCLETIANVS: GALERIVS MAXIMIANVS (as Caesar) 18. Inv. No. 64/98 (pi. 1) Denomination: foilis Axis: 6; D: 26.7 mm; W: 10.9 gr. Mint: Heraclea Dating: 297-298 Obv: GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES Head iauriate, right Rv: GENSO POPV-L-I ROMANI exergue: HTA Genius standing left, modius on head, na- ked but for chlamys over left shoulder, right holding patera (from which liquor flows), left cornucopiae Reference: RIC VI 531 no. 20b Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 231 Plate 1 232 Cristian Gazdac CONSTANTINVS I 19. Inv. No. 67/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D: 22 x 19.8 mm; W: 2.6 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 313 Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: SOLI IN-VI-CTO [comiti]-^LL Sol radiate, standing left, raising right hand, globe in left, chlamys across right shoulder Reference: RIC VII p. 296 no. 2 20. Inv. No. 8/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 20 x 19.2 mm; W: 3.6 gr. Mint: Treveri Dating: 315-16 Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: SOLI lN-V-ICTO COMITI -AL_ PTR Sol standing left, raising right hand, globe in left, chalmys across left shoulder Reference: RIC VII p. 171 no. 71 21. Inv. No. 60/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 20.6 x 19.4 mm; W: 3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 317 Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: SOLI INVI-CTO COMITI^L- Sol radiate, standing left, raising right hand, globe in left, chlamys across left shoulder Reference: RIC VII p. 428 no, 31 22. Inv. No. 40/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis (silvered) Axis: 6; D: 19.2 mm; W: 1,7 gr. Mint: Cyzicus Dating: 317-320 Obv: IMP CONSTA-NTfNVS AVG Bust left, laureate, draped, globe, sceptre In left hand, mappa in right hand Rv: IOVI CONS-ERVATOR1 AVGG -J^ Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, leaning on sceptre, holding Vic- tory on globe Reference: RIC VII p. 644 no. 8 23. Inv. No. 6/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D: 13.5 mm; W: 3.7 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 320 Obv: CONSTAN-TINVS AVG Bust laureate, right Rv: D N CONSTANTINI MAX AVG VOT/./XX in laurel-wreath exergue: TSWI Reference: RIC VII p. 510 no. 101 24. Inv. No. 104/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis (silvered) Axis: 7; D: 18.8 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 326-327 Obv: CONSTAN-TINVS AVG Bust laureate, right Rv: PROVIDEN-TIA AVGG exergue: «rSIS» Camp gate, two turrets, star above, 7 stone layers Reference: RIC VII p. 449 no. 200 25. Inv. No. 18/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D: 19 mm; W: 2.3 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 335-336 Obv: CONSTANTI-N[us max aug] Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: SMTSA Two soldiers helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 526 no. 198 26. Inv. No. 58/99 {pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: !/./:•: 16.1 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 335-336 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: SMTSA Two soldiers helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 526 no. 198 27. Inv. No: 36/98 {pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: 16.4 mm; W: 3gr Mint: Heraclea Dating: 330-333 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLOR-1A EXERCITVS exergue: SMHA Two soldiers standing facing one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield set on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 557 no. 111 Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 233 Plate 2 Cristian Gazdac 28. nv. No. 95/98 (pi. 2} Denomination: follis Axis: 5; D: 18.7 x 16.9 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 333-335 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rass ed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: CONSH» Two soldiers standing facing one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield set on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 581 no. 73 29. inv. No: 66/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 12; D: 16.7 x 15.4 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 335-336 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: GSIS Two soldiers standing, spear in outer hand; between them one standard Reference: RIC VI! p. 458 no. 252 30. Inv. No: 19/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 11; D: 19.1 x 18 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Thessaionica Dating: 335-336 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: SMTSA Two soldiers heimeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them two standards Reference: RiC VII p. 526 no. 198 31. Inv. No: 7/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 12; D: 17.4mm; W: 1.1 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 336-337 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust with rosette-diadem, draped, cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: CONS[a] Two soldiers heimeted, standing facing one another, reversed spear in outer hands; between them one standard Reference: RIC VII p. 589 no. 137 32. Inv. No. 72/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 11; D: 16.4 mm; W: 1.2gr. Mint: Heraclea Dating: 336-337 Obv: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERCITVS exergue: SMHA Two soldiers standing facing one another reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield set on ground; between them one standard Reference: RIC VII p. 561 no. 150 LICINIVS I 33. Inv. No. 19/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis (silvered) Axis: 12; D: 17,9x16.4 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Nicomedia Dating: 317-320 Obv: IMP LICI-NIVS AVG Bust left, laureate, draped, globe, sceptre in left hand, mappa in right hand Rv: IOVI CONS-E-RVATORI AVGG 4!l Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, leaning on sceptre, holding Vic- tory on globe Reference: RIC VII p. 604 no. 24 34. Inv. No. 83/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis silvered Axis: 12; D: 17.9 mm; W: 2.7 gr. Mint: Cyzicus Dating: 317-320 Obv: IMP LICI-NIVS AVG Bust laureate, draped, to left globe, scep- tre in left hand, mappa in right Rv: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI AVGG -f||- Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding scectre, Victory on globe Reference: RIC VII p. 644 no. 9 CONSTANTINVS I: HELENA 35. Inv, No. 105/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: foilis Axis: 12; D: 18 mm; W: 2.3 gr. Mint: Nicomedia Dating: 325-326 Obv: FL HELENA - AVGVSTA Bust diademed, mantled, with necklace, right Rv: SECVRITAS - REIPVBLICE exergue: NNT Securitas standing left, lowering branch, raising robe with right hand Reference: RIC VII p. 621 no. 129 CONSTANTINVS I: CONSTANTINVS II (as Caesar) 36. Inv. No. 63/98 (pi. 2} Denomination: foliis Axis: 12; D: 18 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 330-333 Obv: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C Bust laureate: cuirassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: SMTST Two soldiers, helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 524 no. 184 37. Inv. No. 24/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D: 17.8 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Cyzicus Dating: 332-333 Obv: [const]ANTINVS IVN NOBC Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: GLORIA EXER-[citus] exergut,-: »SMKr Two soldiers, helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 656 no. 97 38. Inv. No. 5/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D: 17.1 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 334-335 Obv: CONSTANTI[nvs ivn n]OB c Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS Two soldiers helmeted, standing front, looking at each other; each holds spear and rests hand on shield; between them two standards exergue: •GSIS* Reference: RIC VII p. 455 no.236 39. Inv. No. 1/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 1; D: 15.1 mm; W: 1,7 gr. Mint: Aries, Rome, Aquileia, Thessalonica Dating: 336-337 Obv: [c]ONST[anti]-NVS IVN N C Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: [glori]A EXERC-ITVS Two soldiers helmeted, standing front, looking at each other; each holds spear and rests hand on shield; between them one standard, exergue: broken Reference: RIC VII p. 276 no. 395: p. 277 no. 403; p. 278 no. 412 - Aries RIC VII p. 344 no. 392 - Rome RIC VII p. 410 no. 140 - Aquileia RIG VII p. 529; no. 223 - Thessalonica 40. Inv. No. 98/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 12; D: 16.6 x 14.4 mm; W: 1.6gr. Mint: Nicomedia Dating: 336-337 Obv: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C Bust laureate and cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: SMN[A] Two soldiers helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them one standard Reference: RIC VII p. 635 no. 200 CONSTANTINVS I: CONSTANTIVS II (as Caesar) 41. Inv. No. 4/98 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 19.4x 18.2 mm; W: 3.2 gr. Mint: Nicomedia Dating: 328-329 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Bust laureate, draped and cuirassed, left Rv: PROV1DEN-TIAE CAES exergue: SMNS Camp gate, two turrets, with door, star above, varying number of stone layers Reference: RIC VII p. 626 no. 158 42. Inv. No. 46/99 (pi. 2) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 18 mm; W: 2.8 gr. Mint: Lugdunum Dating: 330-331 Obv: FL IVL CONST[anti]VS NOB C Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: »PLG Two soldiers standing, spear in outer hand; between them two standards Reference: cf. RiC VII p. 138 no. 245 43. Inv. No. 28/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 19.8 x 18.2 mm; W: 2.7 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 330-333 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: SMTST Two soldiers helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 524 no. 185 44. Inv. No. 86/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 12: D: 17 mm; W: 2.7 gr. Mint: Cyzicus Dating: 330-334 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXRC-ITVS 236 Cristian Gazdac exergue: SMK[A] Two soldiers helmeted, standing loo- king at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield rest- ing on ground; between them two stan- dards Reference: HIC VII p. 654 no. 69 45. Inv. No. 35/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: half-foliis Axis: 6; D: 17.3 mm; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 333-335 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERCITVS exergue: RVT Two soldiers standing facing one another reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield set on ground; between them two standards Reference: RIG VII p. 339 no. 352 46. Inv. No: 22/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; d; 19,3 x 17.6 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mini: Siscia Dating: 334-335 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: -ASIS* Two soldiers standing, spear in outer hand; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 456 no. 237 47. Inv. No. 79/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 18 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 334-335 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Bust laureate, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: «ASIS» Two soldiers standing, spear in outer hand; between them two standards Reference: RiC VII p. 456 no. 237 48. Inv. No. 26/98 {pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 8; D: 17.6 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Mint Siscia Dating: 334-335 Obv: FL CONSTANTIS BEA C Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: •ASfS» Two soldiers standing, spear in outer hand; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 456 no. 238 49. Inv. No. 68/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 18 x 16.3 mm; W: 2.4 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 334-335 Obv: FL CONSTANTIS BEA C Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: «ASIS» Two soldiers standing, spear in outer hand; between them two standards Reference: RIC VII p. 456 no. 238 CONSTANTINVS I: CONSTANS (as Caesar) 50. Inv. No. 62/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 12; D: 15.7 mm; W: 1.4 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 336-337 Obv: FL CONSTANS NOB CAES Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: SMTSA Two soldiers, helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them one standard Reference: RIC VII p. 529 no. 226 51. Inv. No. 42/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 12; D: 15.7mm; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Thessalonica ? Dating: 336-337 Obv: FL CONSTANS NOB CAES Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLORI-A EXER-CITVS exergue: [s]MT[?] Two soldiers, helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, Inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them one standard Reference: RiC VII p. 529 no. 226 52. Inv. No. 29/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D:-; W: 1,6 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 336-337 Obv: [fl] CON[nstans nob caes] Bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: CONS Two soldiers helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them one standard Reference: RIC VII p. 589 no. 140 CONSTANTINVS I: VRBS ROMA 53. Inv. No. 26/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: half-foliis 237 Plate 3 238 Cristian GSzdac Axis: 12; D: -; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 330-335 Obv: VRBS ROMA Bust helmeted, wearing imperial cloak, left Rv: She-wolf standing left, suckling twins, above two stars exergue: AQP Reference: RIC VII p. 407 no. 122 Remark: Found together with 25/99 54. Inv. No. 99/98 (pi, 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D:-; W: 2.4 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 334-335 Obv: VRBS ROMA Bust helmeted, wearing imperial cloak, left Rv: exergue: »rSIS» She-wolf left with twins; above, two stars Reference: RIC VII p. 456 no. 240 55. Inv. No. 90/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: haif-follis Axis: 6; D: 12.8 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 330-335 Obv: [urbs roma] Bust helmeted, wearing imperial cloak, left Rv: She-wolf standing left, suckling twins exergue: ...CONS... Reference: RIC VII p. 579 no. 62; p. 582 no. 85 CONSTANTINVS I: CONSTANTINOPOLIS 56. Inv. No. 80/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: follis Axis: 6; D: 12 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 333-335 Obv: CONSTAN-TINOPOL1 Bust laureate helmeted, wearing imperial cloak, reversed spear Rv: no legend exergue: CONSIA* Victory standing left, on prow with spear and shield Reference: RIC VII p. 582 no. 79 CONSTANTINVS II 57. Inv. No. 94/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D; -; W: 1.4gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 340 Obv: VIC CONST[a-ntinus aug] Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, and cuirassed, right Rv: [v]IRTVS-A[ugusti] exergue: broken Emperor, bare-headed and in military dress standing facing, head turned right, holding spear in right hand and resting left hand on shield Reference: RIC VIII p. 249 no. 4 CONSTANS 58. Inv. No. 92/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 16 mm; W: 1.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 337-340 Obv: CONSTAN-S P F AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: ASIS Two helmeted soldiers standing facing, heads turned towards each other; each holds an inverted spear and rests on a shield; between them a standard Reference: RIC VIII p. 355 no. 87 59. Inv. No. 11/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 14.4 mm; W: 1.2 gr. Mint: Treveri Dating: 340 Obv: FL IVL CONSTANS AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- • sed, right Rv: VIRTVS-AVGG NN exergue: TRP Soldier, Helmeted, standing facing, head right, holding spear in right hand and resting left on shield Reference: RIC VIII p. 144 no. 77 60. Inv. No. 27/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 11; D: 16.9 x 15.2 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 340 Obv: CONSTAN-S P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXER-CITVS exergue: AQS Two helmeted soldiers facing, heads turned towards each other; each holds an inverted spear and rests on a shield; be- tween them a standard Reference: RIC VIII p. 316 no. 30 61. Inv. No. 77/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 15.9 mm; W: 1.5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 347 Obv: CONSTANS P F AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: VICTOR-IA AVGG □as Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 239 Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC VIII p. 362 no. 181 62. Inv. No. 44/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 11; D: 17.6x16.3 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Siscia? Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTAN-S P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: [vi]CTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN exergue: ASIS ? Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 363 no. 185 63. Inv. No. 57/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 16.5 mm; W: 1.4 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTAN-S P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN exergue: •ASIS* Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC Vll] p. 363 no. 185 64. Inv. No. 56/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 16.2 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTAN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN -||- Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 363 no. 192 (but no dot above HR) 65. Inv. No. 56/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTAN-S P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 363 no. 192 66. Inv. No. 20/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 0.8 gr. Mint: Siscia? Dating: 347-348 Obv: [constan-s p f aug] Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: [victoriae dd augg q nn] exergue: broken in field: * Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 363 no. 187 67. Inv. No. 45/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 11; D: 17.6 x 16.3 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTANS P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN exergue: SMTSFA] Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 411 no. 100 68. inv. No. 31/99 (pi. 3) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: -; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 347-348 Obv: [constans]-P F AVG Bust laureate, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE [dd augg q nn] exergue: SMT[s]A Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 411 no. 100-101 69. Inv. No. 85/99 Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.2 x 15.9 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTANS P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN exergue: SMTSA Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 411 no. 100 70. Inv. No. 85/98 (pi. 3) Denomination: maiorina Axis: 5; D: 20.2 x 19.5 mm; W: 4.7 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 348-350 Obv: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, left, globe in right hand Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: [AQ]T Helmeted soldier, spear in left hand, ad- vancing right, head turned to left; with his right hand he leads a small bare-headed 240 Cristian Gazdac figure from a hut beneath a tree. The spear points upwards, is between the sol- dier and the figure Reference: RiC VIII p. 323 no. 103 71. Inv. No. 11/98 (p[. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 19.1 mm; W: 2.1gr Mint: Siscia Dating: 348-350 Obv: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: TSIS* Emperor in military dress standing left on galley, holding phoenix on globe and stan- dard with Chi-Rho on the banner; in the stern sits Victory, steering the ship Reference: RIC VIII p. 364 no. 198 72. Inv. No. 87/98 (pi, 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 19.1 x 17.8 mm; W: 2.7 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 348-350 Obv: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: ASIS Phoenix, radiate, standing right on rocky mound Reference: RIC VII! p. 366 no. 241 73. Inv. No. 100/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 20.6 x 19.9 mm; W: 3.6 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 348-350 Obv: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, globe in right hand, left Rv: FEL TEMP REPAR-ATIO exergue: TEST Helmeted soldier, spear in left hand, ad- vancing right, head turned to left; with his right hand he leads a small bare-headed figure from a hut beneath a tree. The spear points downwards between the figu- res Reference: RIC VIII p. 412 no. 118 VETRANIO 74. Inv. No. 106/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 20.1 x 17.6 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 350 Obv: D N VETR[a]-NIO [p f a]VG Bust draped and cuirassed, laureate, right Rv: GLORIA [ro]-MANORVM exergue: eSIS Securitas standing left, lowering branch, raising robe with right hand Reference: RIC VII p. 370 no. 294 CONSTANTIVS 11 75a. Inv. No. 32/99 (pi, 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D:-;W: 1.5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 337-340 Obv: CONSTANTI-VS P F AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right, Rv: [glOi-]-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: FSIS Two soldiers standing facing, heads tur- ned towards each other; each holds an in- verted spear and rests on shield; between them one standard with Chi-Rho on the banner Reference: RIC VIII p. 355 no. 86 76. Inv. No. 93/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 15.1 mm; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 337-340 Obv: CONSTANT1-IVS P F AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: ASIS J Two helmeted soldiers standing facing, heads turned towards each other; each holds an inverted spear and rests on a shield; between them a standard Reference: RIC Vlft p. 355 no. 97 77. Inv. No. 15/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: I: D: 16,3 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 337-340 Obv: CONSTANTI-VS P F AVG Bust laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS exergue: BSIS 5 Two helmeted soldiers standing facing, heads turned towards each other; each holds an inverted spear and rests on a shield; between them a standard with Chi- Rho on banner Reference: RIC VIII p. 355 no. 98 78. Inv. No. 23/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: half-follis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.2 gr. Mint: Rome? Dating: 337-340 Obv: D N FL [constan{constantiu)]S AVG Bust with rosette-diadem, right Rv: [glor]-IA EXE[rc-itus] Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 241 Plate 4 242 Cristian Gazdac exergue: broken Two soldiers helmeted, standing facing one another; between them one standard Reference: cf. R1C VIII p. 250 79. Inv. No. 41/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 347-348 Obv: [constant]-IVS P F AVG Bust laurel and pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: [victori]AE [D D [a]V[gg q nn] exergue: «AQ[p] Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: RIC VIII p. 322 no. 78 80. Inv. No. 25/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 5; D: 16.1 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTANTI-VS P F AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE D D AVGG Q N N Two Victories standing facing one anot- her, each holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC VIII p. 363 no. 188 81. Inv. No. 13/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 16.4x 15.5 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 347-348 Obv: CONSTANTI-VS P F AVG Bust rosette-diademed, draped and cui- rassed, right Rv: VICTORIAE [dd augg q nn] -JL Two Victories standing facing one anot- her, each holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC VIII p. 363 no. 194 82. Inv. No. 33/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17 mm; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Antioch Dating: 347-348 Obv: DN CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Head pearl-diademed, right Rv: VOT/ XX/ MVLT/ XXX Legend within wreath exergue: SMNAG Reference: RIC VIII p. 521 no. 113 S3. Inv. No. 73/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 14.9 mm; W: 1.4 gr. Mint: Antioch Dating: 347-348 Obv: DN CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Head pearl-diademed, right Rv: VOT/ XX/ MVLT/ XXX Legend within wreath exergue: SMANA Reference: RIC VIII p. 521 no. 113 84? Inv. No. 58/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D: -; W: 0.9 gr. Mint: - Dating: 347-348 Obv: CO[...] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [victori]AE DD [augg q nn] exergue: broken Two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm-branch Reference: - 85. Inv. No. 69/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 5; D: -; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: - Dating: 347-348 Obv: broken legend (identification by the hair style) Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: VOT/ XX/ MVLT/ XXX Legend within wreath exergue: broken Reference: RIC VIII, pi. 27 no. 118 86. Inv. No. 64/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.8 x 17.8mm; W: 2.4 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 348-350 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: ASIS Ji Phoenix, radiate, standing right on rocky mound Reference: RIC Vlll p. 366 no. 240 87. Inv. No. 88/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.3 mm; W:2.4gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 350 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: VIRTVS AV-G-VSTORVM exergue: BSIS Emperor, bare-headed and in military dress, standing right, holding spear and globe, and kicking a standing captive. The captive wears a pointed cap and raises his left hand to his head Reference: RIC Vlll p. 370 no. 295 Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 243 88. Inv. No. 72/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 16.7 mm; W: 1.9 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 350-355 Obv: D N CONSTAN-[tius p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL [temp] RE PA RATIO -JjL,. Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 419 no. 189 89. Inv. No. 63/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: 19.3 x 18.1 mm; W: 4.3 gr. Mint: Rome? Dating: 351-355 Obv: [d n cortstan-ti]VS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [fel] TEMP REPARATIO Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap and falls forward clutching the horse's neck Reference: cf. RIC VIII p. 274 no. 266 90. Inv. No. 50/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: 19.3x 18.1 mm; W: 3.4gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 351-355 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO ^-J— Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman is bare- headed, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 458 no. 121 91. Inv. No. 55/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.5 mm; W: 2.3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 351-355 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: ASIS Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right; horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 375 no. 352 92. Inv. No. 75/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D: 18.6 mm; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: Sirmium Dating: 351-355 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F A[ug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed; right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: SIRM Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman is bare- headed, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 387 no. 35 93. Inv. No. 42/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.5 x 17.2 mm; W: 2.6 gr. Mint: Sirmium Dating: 351-355 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: »ASIRM Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman is bare- headed, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 388 no. 52 94. Inv. No. 69/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.8 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: Cyzicus Dating: 351-354 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: SMKA Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 498 no. 104 95. Inv. No. 14/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: Heraclea Dating: 351-355 Obv: D N CONSTAN-[t]IVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP - [rep] A RATIO exergue: SMHA Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed Cristian Gazdac 244 cap turn to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 436 no. 90 96. Inv. No. 101/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: 18.6 x 17.3 mm; W: 4.1 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 352-355 Obv: [d] N CONSTAN-T1VS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right; letter A behind bust Rv: FEL TEM[p] RE-PARATIO Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman turns to face soldier and raises left arm; he is bare- headed Reference: RIC VIII p. 333 no. 193 97. Inv. No. 12/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.2 mm; W: 2.3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP - REPARATIO exergue: ASISD Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap turn to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 377 no, 364 98. Inv. No. 15/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.9 gr. Mint: Siscia ? Dating: 355-361 Obv: [d n constan]-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [fel temp] - REPA[rati]0 exergue: SIS ? Type of falling horseman Reference: of. RIC VIII p. 377 no. 364 99. Inv. No. 8/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D: -; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia? Dating: 355-361 Obv: [...p] F AVG Bust pearl diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [fel] TEMP REPARATIO exergue: A[sis]? in field: M Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at left. Horseman turns to face sol- dier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 377 no. 369. 372. 375. 379; p. 379. no. 381 100. inv. No. 46/98 (pi. 4) "Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 11; D: -; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: Siscia? Dating: 355-361 Obv: [d n co]NS[tan]-TIVS [p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [f]ELTEMP REPARATIO in field: M; exergue: broken Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 377 no. 369. 372. 377. 379; p. 378 no. 381 101. Inv. No. 71/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 16.2 mm; W: 2.3 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N CONSTAN-[tius p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [spes rei] pvblice exergue: [SMTSA?] Emperor, helmeted and in military dress, . standing left, holding globe and spear Reference: RIC VIII p. 422 no. 213 102. Inv. No. 76/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: follis Axis: 6: D: 17.3 mm; W: 2.2 gt? Mint: Constantinople Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO exergue: CONS[a] Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman falls forward on neck of horse Reference: RIC VIII p. 460 no. 139 103. Inv. No. 102/98 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D: 16.4 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: - Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SPES REI-[publi]CAE exergue: broken Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 245 Emperor, helmeted and in military dress, standing left, holding globe and spear Reference: - 104. Inv. No. 3/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: -; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: - Dating: 355-361 Obv: [d n constan]-TIVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right; letter M behind bust Rv: [fel] TEMP REPARATIO -|-*- Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap and falls forward onto hands and knees Reference: possible Aquileia, cf. RIC VIII p. 336 no. 228 105. Inv. No. 67/99 (pi. 4) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D: 16.4 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: - Dating: 355-361 Obv: [d n] CONSTAN-[tius p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: Type of Spes Reipublicae Silhouette standing left, holding globe ? and spear ? Reference: - CONSTANTIVS U; DIVVS CONSTAN T i N V S 106. Inv. No. 30/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis? (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D: -; W: 0.4 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 337-340 Obv: DV CONST[anti-nus pt augg] Bust veiled, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: No legend. Parts from the horses of the emperor's quadriga Reference: RIC VIII p. 449 no. 37; p. 450 no. 39. 52. CONSTANTIVS II: CONSTANTIVS III GALLUS (as Caesar) 107. Inv. No. 16/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 19.5 x 18.7 mm; W: 1.8gr Mint: Aquileia, Siscia, Sirmium Dating: 351-355 Obv: D N CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: [fel temp] REPARATIO exergue: erased Type of falling horseman Reference: RIC VIII p. 334 no. 200. 203. 206. 209 - Aquileia; RIC VIII p. 375 no. 351. 354 - Siscia; RIC VIII p. 388 no. 49. 51. 53 - Sir- mium CONSTANTIVS II: IVLIANVS (as Caesar) 108. Inv. No. 65/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 17.2 x 16.4 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Lugdunum Dating: 358-360 Obv: FL CL IVLIANVS NOB [c] Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv:SPES REI-PVBLICE exergue: MPLG Emperor helmeted in military dress stan- ding right, holding globe and spear Reference: RIC VIII p. 192 no. 202 109. Inv. No. 9/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.8 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N IVLIAN-VS NOB C Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: FEL TEMP - REPARATIO AS[S> Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 377 no. 371 110. Inv. No. 43/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: ; W: 1.9 gr. Mint: Siscia? Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N IVLIAN-VS NOB C Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: FEL TEMP REPARATIO ,ML [asis]> Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at left. Horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 377 no. 369 111. Inv. No. 76/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N IVLI[anus nob c/caes] Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: FEL TEMP [reparatio] 246 Cristian Gazdac Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm. spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soidier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 377 no. 370. 371 112. Inv. No. 14/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionaiis Axis: 5; D: 17.2 mm; W: 1,9 gr. Mint Siscia Dating; 358-361 Obv: D N [iulian]-VS NOB C Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: SPES REI-PVBLICAE exergue: ASIS» Emperor, helmeted and in military dress, standing left, holding globe and spear Reference: RIC VIII p. 378 no. 394 113. inv. No. 77/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionaiis Axis: 12; D: 19.2 mm; W: 2.4 gr. Mint: Sirmium Dating: 355-361 Obv: D N IVLIAN-VS NOB C Bust bare-headed, draped and cuirassed, right Rv: FEL TEMP - R EPA RATIO exergue: ASIRM* Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right Horseman wears pointed cap, turns to face soldier and extends left arm Reference: RIC VIII p. 389 no. 70 Sons of CONSTANTINVS ] 114. Inv. No. 66/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionaiis? (fragmentary) Axis: 12; D: -; W: 1.4 gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 337-340 Obv: legend erased Bust with rosette-diadem, right Rv: [glor-ia exerc-it]VS» exergue: CONS[a] Two soldiers helmeted, standing facing one another, spear in outer hands; bet- ween them one standard Reference: RIC VIII p. 449 no. 23-36 Unidentified (period AD 355-361) 115. Inv. No. 35/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionaiis (fragmentary) Axis: 5; D: -; W: 1.4gr. Mint:- Dafing: period AD 355-361 Obv: legend erased Head right Rv: Type of SPES REIPVBLICAE? Silhouette standing Reference: - IVLIANVS 116. Inv. No. 21/98 (pi, 5) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: 19.9 x 18.3 mm; W: 3.3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 361-363 Obv: D N FL CL IVLI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, helmeted, cuiras- sed, spear in right hand, shield in left Rv: VOT/X/MVLT/X-X exergue: [ ]BS!S Legend within wreath Reference: RIC VIII p, 380 no. 415 117. Inv. No. 73/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: follis Axis: 12; D: 20 mm; W: 3.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 361-363 Obv: D N FL CL IVLI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed to left, helmeted, cuirassed, spear in right hand, shield in left Rv: VOT/ X/ MVLT7 XX exergue: BSISC Legend within wreath Reference: RIC VIII p. 380 no. 420 IOVIANVS 118. Inv. No. 18/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: follis Axis: 11; D: 18.6 mm; W: 2.8 gr. Mint: Heraclea Dating: 364 Obv: D N IOV1AN-VS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed left Rv: VOT/ V/ MVLT/ X exergue: HERAC[«]A Legend within wreath Reference: RIC VIII p. 439 no. 111 VALENTINIANVS I 119. Inv. No. 48/98 (pi, 5) Denomination: centenionaiis Axis: 6; D: 20.2 x 18.4 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergue: *SMAQS Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 95 no. 9(a) 120. Inv. No. 2/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionaiis Axis: 6; D: 18.6 x 16.8 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 247 Plate 5 248 Cristian Gazdac Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS - REIPVBL1CAE ^ksc Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIG IX p. 146 no. 7(a) (vii) 121. Inv. No. 7/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.1 mm; W: 3.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed; right Rv: SECVRITAS - REIPVBLICAE r-gL— Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RiC IX p. 146 no. 7(a) (ii) 122. Inv. No. 13/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VA[lentini-an]VS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right * Rv: GLORIA RO-MANO[rum] jjJy Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in [eft Reference: RIC IX p, 147 no. 6(a) 123. Inv. No. 51/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 7; D: -; W: 3.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right x Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM] Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIG IX p. 147 no. 6(a) 124: Inv. No. 51/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.7 x 17.8 mm; W: 2.3 gr. Mint: Aquiieia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergue:SMAQP Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 96 no, 12(a) 125. Inv. No. 37/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.2 mm; W: 2.6 gr. Mint: Thessalonica * Dating: 367-375 Obv: [d n va]LENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA RO-MAN[orum] Ji§ Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RiC IX p. 178 no. 26 (a) 126. Inv. No. 54/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 1; D: 17.2 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right » Rv: GLO[ria ro-]ANORVM -JLjJL Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RiC IX p. 147 no. 14(a) (xiv) 127. Inv. No. 17/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 2.4 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG . Bust peari-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA [ro]-MANORVM ^s*^p Emperor advancing rignt, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(a) (xvi/i) 128. Inv. No. 41/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.4x 16.8 mm; W: 1.9 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right. Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE ^ Victory advancing left, holding wreath and paim Reference: RIG IX p. 147 no. 15(a) (xvii) 129. inv. No. 49/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 17.6 x 16.3 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 249 Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE ^m Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 15(a) (x) 130. Inv. No. 71/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 7; D: 19.1 x 17.7 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right ls Rv: SECVRITAS - REIPVBLICAE jgg| Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 15(a) (xvi) (but without dots) 131. Inv. No. 75/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 1; D: -; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS - REIPVBLICAE |§ppg Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 15(a) (xi) 132. Inv. No. 23/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 12; D: -; W: 1.2 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTI/D N VALENTI[ni-anus p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [securitas rei] PVBLICAE exergue: [te]S in field: -f Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 178 no. 27(a) Remark: This coin has been double struck on the obverse. 133. Inv. No. 79/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 17.8 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum'm left Reference: RIC IX p. 178 no. 26 (a) (viii) VA L E N S 134. Inv. No. 4/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 11; D:-; W: 1.9 gr. Mint: Arelate Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-S [p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [securitas] - REIPVBLICAE Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 64 no. 9(b) (ii-b) 135. Inv. No. 6/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.8 x 16.4 mm; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: Rome Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE exergue: RT Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 120 no. 17(b) 136. inv. No. 38/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.9 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-[s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergue: ASISC Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 146 no. 7(b) (i) 137. Inv. No. 39/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.8 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-[s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right s Rv: secVriTAS rei PVBLICAE Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 146 no. 7(b) (vii) 138. Inv. No. 43/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 17.8 mm; W: 3.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-[s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right 250 Cristian Gazdac Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE Victory advancing left, holding wreatn and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 146 no. 7(b) (vii) 139. Inv. No. 53/98 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.9 mm; W: 1.6 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALE[n-s p i a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergue: H ASISC Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 146 no. 7(b) (iii) 140. Inv. No. 47/99 (pi. 5) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-[s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademeci, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS RE! PVBLICAE exergue: ASIS[c?] Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 146 no. 7(b) (i) 141. Inv. No. 47/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 16.7 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: Cyzicus Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALE[n-s p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE exergue: SMKA Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 241 no.11(b) 142. Inv. No. 33/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 1; D: 17.7 mm; W: 1.6gr. Mint: Nicomedia Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN[-s p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [securi]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergus: [SMNB?] Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: R!C IX p. 252 no. 12(b) 143. Inv. No. 48/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.1 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: - Dating: 364-367 Obv: D N VALEN-[s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergue: broken; no mint-mark in the field Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: - 144. Inv. No. 68/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D:-; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Lugdunum Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AV[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS - [reipublicae] Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 46 no. 21 (a) (xii) 145. Inv. No. 52/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.8x17.1 mm; W: 2.7 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 367-375 Obv: [d n valen-s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- " sed, right Rv: GLO[ria ro-martor]V[m] exergue: [S]MAQS Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding iabarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 96 no, 11(b) 146. Inv. No. 49/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 17 mm; W: 2.7 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 367-375 Obv: [d n valen-s p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLO[ria ro-manor]V[m] exergue: SMAQS Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding Iabarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 96 no. 11(b) 147. Inv, No. 52/99 (pi, 6) Denomination; centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.7 mm; W: 1.9 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE exergue: SMAQS Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 251 Plate 6 252 Cristian Gazdac Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RiC IX p, 96 no. 12(b) (xvib) 148. Inv. No. 31/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 1: D: 17.5 mm; W: 2,5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM :;ni.fc Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(b) (xi) 149. Inv. No. 74/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.6 x 17.7 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right * Rv: SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 15(b) (xvii) 150. Inv. No. 45/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 17.9 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust peari-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS - REIPVBLICAE ^Ljf Victory advancing left, holding wreatn and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 15(b) (xv) 151. Inv. No. 61/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 18.4 mm; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(b)(x) 152. Inv. No. 60/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 11; D: 16.8 mm; W: 2.2 gr Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 364-375 Obv: D N VAL[en-s] P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [sec]V[ri]TAS [rei] PVBLICAE exergue: TES[A] Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 176 no. 18 (b); p. 178 no. 27(b) 153. Inv. No. 70/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.2 mm; W: 2.6 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 364-375 Obv: D N VALEN-S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE exergue: TE[S] Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RIC IX p. 176 no. 18(b); p. 178 no. 27(b) 154. Inv. No. 44/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 11; D: ; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Thessalonica Dating: 364-375 Obv: [ d n valen-s p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLOfria romanorum] exergue: »TES[A] Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 176 no. 16(b); p. 178 no. 26 (b) 155. Inv. No. 50/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.7gr. Mint: Constantinople Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN[s - p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: secVriTAS rei PVBLICAE 755^ Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: RiC IX p. 221 no. 42(b) (9) 156. Inv. No. 10/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 16.8 x 15.9 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: - Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N VALEN [a p f aug] Bust pearl-diademed draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [secu]RIT[as]-REI PVBLI[cae] exergue: erased Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 253 Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: - 157. inv. No. 34/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; W: 1.7 gr. Mint: - Dating: 364-375 Obv: [d n v]AL[en-]S [p f a]V[g] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [securitas] REI PVBLICAE exergue: broken Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: - 158. Inv. No. 59/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: -; '.V: 2.1 gr. Mint: - Dating: 364-375 Obv: [d n valen-]S P F [aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: Isecurit]A[s rei publicae] exergue: broken Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: - 159. Inv. No. 81/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis (fragmentary) Axis: 1; D: -; W: 1.8 gr. Mint: - Dating: 364-375 Obv: [ d n valen-]S P F [aug] Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA RO-[manorum] exergue: broken Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: cf. RIC IX Remark: Probably dating in the period AD 364—375 because no mint-mark in the reverse field G RATI AN VS 160. Inv. No. 32/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 17.3 mm; W: 2.2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM Emperor advancing right, with' right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(c) (xiii) 161. Inv. No. 84/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 18.3 x 16.9 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed. right Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM -^L§- Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(c) (xiii) 162. Inv. No. 59/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: -; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N G[ratianus p f] AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [gloria ro-ma]NORVM Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(c) 163. Inv. No. 61/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 1; D: 17.3 mm; W: 2.8 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right i Rv: GLORIA RO-ANORVM -MjI. Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(c) (xvi) 164. Inv. No. 65/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 19.4 mm; W: 2.1 gr. Mint: Siscia Dating: 367-375 Obv: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right s Rv: GLORIA RO-MANORVM Emperor advancing right, with right hand dragging captive and holding labarum in left Reference: RIC IX p. 147 no. 14(c) (xvi) GRATIANVS? 165. Inv. No. 62/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 11; D: 12.2 mm; W: 1.1 gr. Mint: Rome? Dating: 375-379? Obv: [d n gratia-nus] P F AVG 254 Cristian GSzdac Bust pearl-diademed, right Rv: [uictoria - augggtaugustorum)] Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm Reference: possible cf. RIC IX p. 123 no. 30, 31(b) Unidentified (period AD 383-388) 166. Inv. No. 74/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: haif-centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 12.7 mm; W: 1.4 gr. Mint:- Dating: 383-388 Obv: legend erased Head pearl-diademed, right Rv: legend erased. Type of VICTORIA AVGGG Silhouette of Victory advancing left Reference: cf. RIC IX VALEN Tl N I AN VS II 167. Inv. No. 78/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 13.2 mm; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: - Dating: 388-393 Obv: [d n valentinia]NVS PF AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [salus rei-]PVBL[icae] exergue: broken Silhouette of Victory advancing left drag- ging captive- Reference: cf. RIC IX, type of SALVS REIPVBLICAE (Aes 4) ARCADIVS 168. Inv. No. 97/98 (pi. 6) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 12; D: 12mm; W: 1.3 gr. Mint: Aquileia Dating: 392-393 Obv: [d n] ARC[adi-u]S P F AVG Bust pearl-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed; right Rv: SALVS REI PVBLICAE exergue: AQ[p] Victory advancing left, holding trophy on shoulder with r. hand, and dragging cap- tive with left; in field I Reference: RIC IX p. 106 no. 58 c ARCADIVS? 169. Inv. No. 82/99 (pi. 6) Denomination: half-centenionalis Axis: 6; D: 12 mm; W: 1.5 gr. Mint Aquileia? Dating: 392-393 Obv: [d n] ARC[adi-u]S P F AVG Bust peari-diademed, draped and cuiras- sed, right Rv: [salus rei] PVBLICAE exergue: AQ[p] Victory advancing left, holding trophy on shoulder with r. hand, and dragging cap- tive with left; in fieid ! Reference: cf. RIC IX p. 106 no. 58 c MEDIEVAL COINS 170. Inv. No. 16/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: fraction Axis: -; D: -; W: 0.3 gr. Mint: - Dating: 1528 Obv: 152S M Arm of a dynasty in a rhomb MODERN TIME FRANZ II 171. Inv. No. 22/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: V2 kreutzer Axis: 12; D: 21.3 mm; W: 2 gr. Mint: Vienna Dating: 1800 Obv: V218-00 Double-headed eagle Rv: FRAN.CH.D.G.R.I.S.A.GE.HV.BO- REX« A* A* Head to right AUSTRIAN EMPIRE 172. Inv: No. 39/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 74 Kreuzer Axis: 12; D: 1.3 mm; W: 2,2 gr. Mint: Vienna Dating: 1816 Moneyer: S Obv: % Kreuzer/ 1816/ S Rv: K.K.OESTERREICHSCHE SCHEIDE- MUNZE* Double-headed eagle in a rectangular shield, above crown 173. Inv. No. 37/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 10 ? Axis: 12; D: 18.7 mm; W: 2.9 gr. Mint: Vienna Dating: 1909 Obv: 10/1909 Rv: Double-headed eagle, above crown AUSTRIAN EMPIRE? 174. Inv. No. 38/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 2 ? Axis: -; D: 16.9 mm; W: 2.5 gr. Mint: - Dating: - Obv: 2 Rv: erased REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA 175. Inv. No. 20/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 1000Groschen Plate 7 256 Cristian Gazdac Axis: 12; D: 22 mm; W: 4.5 gr. Mint: Vienna Dating: 1924 Moneyer: H. Zita Obv: 1000/ 1924 in edelweiss wreath Rv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Female portrait to right. 176. Inv. No. 2/98 (pi. 7) Obv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Rv: 10 GROSCHEN 1925 177. Inv. No. 17/98 (pi. 7) Obv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Rv: 10 GROSCHEN 1925 178. Inv. No. 57/98 (pi. 7) Obv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Rv: 10 GROSCHEN 1925 179. Inv. No. 10/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 10 Groschen Axis: 12; D: 21.1 mm; W: 4.5 gr. Mint: Vienna Dating: 1925 Moneyer: H. Zita Obv: 10/ GROSCHEN/ 1925 in edelweiss wreath Rv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Female portrait to right 180. Inv. No. 21/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 10 Groschen Axis: 12; D: 21.1 mm; W: 4.5 gr. Mint: Vienna Dating: 1925 Moneyer: H. Zita Obv: 10/ GROSCHEN/ 1925 im edelweiss wreath Rv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Female portrait to right. 181. Inv. No. 9/98 (pi. 7) Obv: OESTERREICH 1925 Rv: 2 GROSCHEN 182. Inv. No. 54/99 (pi. 7) Obv: 2 GROSCHEN Rv: OSTERRE1CH-1925. 183. Inv. No. 27/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 1 Groschen Axis: 12; D: 17 mm; W: 1.7gr. Mint Vienna Dating: 1926 Moneyer: H. Zita {H Z) Obv: 1/ GROSCHEN/ 1926 Rv: OSTER—REICH Eagle looking to right, above crown 184. Inv. No. 28/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 1 Groschen Axis: 12; D: 17 mm; W: 1.7 gr. i! Mint Vienna Dating: 1927 Moneyer: H. Zita (H Z) Obv: 1/ GROSCHEN/ 1926 Rv: OSTER«-«REICH Eagle looking to right, above crown. 185. Inv. No. 55/99 (pi. 7) Obv: 2 GROSCHEN Rv: OSTER REICH»1928. 186. Inv. No. 53/99 (pi. 7) Obv: 5 GROSCHEN Rv: OSTERREICH.1931. THE 3rd REICH 187. Inv. No. 29/99 (pi. 7) Denomination: 5 Reichspfennig Axis: 12; D: 18.9 mm; W: 2,3 gr. Mint: Berlin Dating: 1941 Obv: 5 Reichspfennig, below oak leaves Rv: Deutsches Reich»1941« Eagle looking to left, spread wings, on Na- zi-cross. REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA 188. Inv. No. 80/98 (pi. 7) Obv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH Rv: FUNFZIG 50 GROSCHEN»1947» REPUBLIC OF FRANCE 189. Inv. No. 24/98 (pi. 7) Obv: REPUBLIQUE FRAKCAISE LAGRiF- FOUL Rv: LIBERTE EG A LITE/ FRATERNITE. 10 CENTIMES 1978 REPUBLIC OF GREECE 190. Inv. No. 3/98 (pi. 7) Obv: EAAHNIKI-1 AHMOKPAT1A APAXMH 1 1984 Rv: KONXTANTIN OS KANAPHZ REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA 191. Inv. No. 81/98 (pi. 7) Obv: REPUBLIK OESTERREICH 10-10 Rv: 10 GROSCHEN 1995 Das Heidentor von Carnuntum - Coin Finds 257 FMRO III 1 Franke- Paar (1976) King (1993) RIC Sear (1981 repr. 1983) Abbreviations W. Hahn, Die Fundmtinzen der romischen Zeit III. Niederosterreich, Teil 1: Carnuntum (1978). P. Franke - I. Paar, Die antiken Milnzen der Sammlung Heynen (1976). C, King, The fourth century coinage, L'"inflazione" nel quarto secolo D.C., Atti dell'incontro di studio Roma 1988 (1993). The Roman Imperial Coinage (Hrsg. H. [vlattingly- E. A. Sydenham) VI. Diocletian-Maximinus (1967 [C. H. V. Sutherland], repr. 1973) VII. Constantin l.-Licinius (1966 [P. M. Bruun], repr. 1972) VIII. The Family of Constantine I. AD 337-364 (1981) IX. Valentinianus l.-Theodosius I. (1933 [J. W. E. Pearce], repr. 1972), D, Sear, Roman Coins and their Values (1981 repr, 1983). Cristian Gazdac