Identifying living areas at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa_Coin finds and metal detecting

REVUE BELGE DE NUMISMATIQUE ET DE SIGILLOGRAPHIE EXTRAIT CLI - 2005 BELGISCH TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR NUMISMATIEK EN ZEGELKUNDE OVERDRUK BRUXELLES - BRUSSEL NOTES KT l](m.I mlnts - NOTa's EN DOCUMENTEN 231 Identifying Living Areas at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (in Ro- man Dacia). Coins Finds and Metal Detecting — In the spring of 1995 ;ni American-Romanian field trip took place at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa. The purpose of the joint expedition was to study I lie use: of metal detectors on various known arclieological sites in Romania. This was a joint expedition consisting of professors and graduate students from the University of Cluj and a team from the United States. The self sponsored U.S. team, and one Peruvian guest, consisted of a do/en amateur archeologists who were all vet- erans with metal detectors ('). For a better understanding of the excellent results of this campaign a description on the potential offered by the equipment used in this expedition is given here. All of the metal defectors used were top of the line units pro- duced by two different companies. Bolli brands of deleclors operate on the same principle. An electric current is passed through a loop producing a sig- nal. This signal, which is a radio signal in tune with itself, becomes inter- rupted in contact with metal. This interruption produces a response, which is interpreted first by the detector and then the operator. A metal detector will respond to all types of metal and minerals including natural ground min- eralization. The true value of a detector is in its ability to discriminate be- tween types of metal and e liminate the signals from unwanted items. This discriminating feature allows the user to eliminate ground mineraliza- tion and target items to eilher recover or rejeel, thereby saving valuable time and energy in the field. For example, the unit can be set to rejeel small iron nails and respond to small bronze items. Since many metals have a similar response and the desirability of an arclieological item may have nothing to do with material of construction, Ihe final selection of discrimination level and Ihe decision to recover or reject, must be made by the operator. Newer detectors incorporate programmable features and the operator can select either pre-set deteclor programs or customize a program with the touch ol a keypad. This allows adjusting the unit to meet local conditions and tar- get requirements. Having a number of detectorists using customized programs in a variety of machines actually improves the sampling of a site, this is be- cause each operator hunts in a unique manor and the responses from individ- ual programs in different units vary. Potential Applications for Metal Detectors Site Location — Deleclors provide a rapid method of covering large areas to locate both documented and unknown sites. WDR. Uc redactie van de Ddgisch Tijdsdtrifl voor Numismuliek wijst er op dal in Relgie evenals in de raccste F.nropese landcn liet gebruik van nictaaldelertorc.il door parliciilieron ofwel \crhoden. ofwel nan ecu zeer slrikle wcttelijke reglcmciilcriiig 011- derworpen is. La n ihi' lam ov la llrvuc brlyt tic Vumismatiiiut iusisle snr Ic lail qu'eii IVI giquc, eomme dans la plupurl des pays europeens, I'cmploi d'uii delecluur de. metaux par des parii< alias est prnliibe on soumis A unc reglenienbiUon ires stride reglee par la loi. (1) Bibliographical abbreviations: AMS = Ada Musei Sapocrnsis, Cluj-Napoca, Ro- mania; fonlica = Ponliea. Muzeul de Islorie Nationala si Arlieologie Constanta, Constan- ta, Koinania: Sargelia = Sun/ilia. Ada Mnsri tletmisis. Deva. Romania. For more details about this expedition see A. Diaconescc. A Hrtmze Maenad from Sarmuegelusa, in AMS. 35/1, 1998, p. 77. note I. mki.anges - mkngki.ini.kn Site Survey — Again, a cost and time efficient tool that can be utilized to identify and survey sites for both scope and content without trenching. Survey Extension — Trenches and trenching spoils can be investigated, expanding the traditional survey by the effective depth of the instrument. Searching the trenching spoils can locale hard to find items that might elude other methods. The detectors also have the capability of locating items under water and under solid surfaces such as rocks and ice. Relic Rescue — items thai are outside the traditional survey are resigned to one of the following: Remain static or undergo whatever late has in store; deteriorate due to natural or artificial conditions; rescue by a delectorist as pari of an archaeo- logical investigation; recovered by an independent delectorist. Detector Limitations Penetration Deplh — Effective depth is limited by the size of the coil and still can be thought of in terms of centimeters, rather than meters, for most objects. Operator Dependent — The detector is only as good as the operator run- ning the unit. Condition Dependent — f.oeal ground mineralization and minerals can af- fect optimum machine performance. Also, ground conditions, such as heavy plant cover can limit or prevent searching in certain areas. T.oss of Context — Removal of an individual object from the site lakes Ihe item oul of context, even if the location is carefully noled and recorded. A note on context — Numerous agents can change the location of an item in relation to its original context. Relics, like any natural object, are subject to natural influences such as water or wind erosion, frost/freeze action and animal relocation. Human activity such as farming and construction speed the loss of context dramatically. Plowed fields make an ideal search area since the context of the plow zone has already been disturbed. The experts believe the use of detectors can prove a valuable aid lo ar- chaeologists for various projects in the field. A clear understanding of the advantages and limitations will assist in making the determination of how and where to use a detector. Using amateur detoctorists for survey work can extend Ihe resources of the archaeologists, speed up the project and usually provide a cheap source of experienced labor with their own equipment Historical interpretation The results from this expedition exceeded most expectations. A large amount of small finds came lo light (')• Among Ihese finds were l()(i ancient. (2) Pari nf the technical information supplied by A. Kempt from the Electronic Ex- ploration, Lombard. Illinois. I SA. (3) Some of Ihe finds have been already published, see A. Diaconescu, op. cii., p. 77ff; S. Bulzan, Alexander ax Hercules on a Small Bronze from Sarmizeyelusa, in AMN, 35/1, 1998. p. 69ff; C. Gazdac, A l*ad Mould from Ulpia Traiaiia Sarmizegetu- sa, in Ponlica. 33, 11198, p. 351 ff; I. Piso, Ci. Karstak, Dei fislulne plumbeae <i Sarmi- zegetusa, in AMN, 37/1. 2000. p. 223ff. NOTliS et DOC.I MUNTS - NOTa's EN documentkn 233 coins (see the general table and the catalogue) now all kept in the local mu- seum of Sarmizegetusa. Aparl from the increase of the number of coins at Ulpia Traiana Sarmize- getimi some oilier observations can be made regarding the discovery- of the new monetary finds. General graph of the finds/year from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa tindw ^ . pvriud 10,4 ,0-' n 3,2 ; 1 0.6 98-117 117-138 138-161 161-180 180-192 193-218 218-238 238-244 244-249 249-253 253-268 284-306 period General graph of the finds/year from Roman Dacia 98-11? 117- 138- 161- ISO- 193- 218 1.18 161 ISO 192 218 23t 21S- 244- 245- 25.1- 268- 275- 284- 306- 244 249 25.1 268 275 284 305 137 PFRIOI) Fig. 1. General graph of the finds/year from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (after. C. Gazdac, The Monetary Circulation from the. Middle and Lower Danube from Trajan to Constanline 1 (AT) 100-337), Cluj-Napoca, 2003, plate F 1). General graph of the finds/year from Roman Daria (al'ler, ibid., plate K 1) Fig, 2. Porum vetus with the find spots of coins and the hoard (X) (map based on R. Ktihnnf., I. Piso, A. Diaconescu, Les deux forums de, la colonia L'lpiu Trauma Au- gusta Dacica Sarmizegelusa, in HE A, 91. 1990). NOTES KT DOCUMENTS - NOTa's liN DOCUMF.KTF.K 235 Fig. 3. The site of Ulpia Traiana Sarmize.ge.tusa with the find-spots of coins (x, the numbers correspond to the catalogue)-: 1,2 = forum novum; 3 = forum Delay, 4 = dooms procurator!.*; 5 = the amphitheater; 6 = the temple ol Nemesis: 7 = sckola gladiato- rum (?); 8 = ara Augusli; 9 = the big temple; 10 = the temple of Aeskulapios and Hy- gea; 11 = the temple of Liber Pater (map based on R. Iytirnne, I. Piso, A. Diaconescu, op, tit,). 236 MELANUKS - MKNGF.LINUEN The area of detection mainly focused on the north-eastern side of Ihe colonia (fields conventionally named (11 — M). This was completed so as to cheek the presence of inhabited zones outside of the city walls (see the site map). Some of the other fields could not be searched rigorously due to the dense vegetation growth (fields A-B, 1)-E, F). Based on the findspots, if can be seen that there were two main areas of a high intensity of coin finds. One was located approximately (iO-100 m from the eastern city walls (the fields G 2, M, J) and the second one within the temples' area (the field ('.) or in its close neighborhood (field Gl, see the site map). Apart from the high intensity of coin finds in the field « G2 » the ocupation of this area was already proven by the presence of architectural fragments (') as well as the finding of the gilded bronze sculpture of a maenad ('). In the ease of the numerous finds from the field « C » much can be ex- plained by the fact that this field is also located within the temples' area between the Big Temple and the temple of Aeskulapios and Hygea. The sa- cred area was one of high traffic in Roman limes. A problem arising in this area is thai there have been no systematic excavations in order to recover Ihe materia] {''). Following some previous field research, this area was considered lull of ruins from buildings, probably temples, which remain unexeavated (jj. A similar explanation could be applied to the large number of coin finds from the field « G1 ». A minute presence of coins can be noted in the immediate vicinity of the town's walls (fields K and L) as well in the field « G3 » (sec the site map). No coins were found in the fields II and I. Another observation is that from the fields located closer to the town's wall (the fields K, L, I. + M) the coin finds belonged only l.o the period of the early emperors, from Nero to M. Aurelius (see the distribution of coins by findspots) while in Ihe fields further away and with a large number of coin finds the latest coins were issued by Philip I and Trajan Decius. This could indicate that by the middle of the second half of the 3rd century Al) the active areas had been well expanded in the extra muroa territory of Ihe colonia Ulpia Traiana. (1) D. Ai.icl. A. Paki, Town-planning and Population in t'lpiu Traiana Sarmizeye- lasa (BAR, I. S. 6Q5), Oxford. 1995, the plan of excavations within the area of the antique town, building EM 10. (5) A. DiACONESCU, op. til., p. 77ff. (S) 't he systematic excavations were focused on the discovery of the temple of Liber Pater, the temple of Aeskulapios ami llygea, Ihe temple ot Silvanus and the Big Tem- ple (see Ihe map of the sites). The south-easl area of the temple of Aeskulapios and llygea which corresponds to the north and norlh-east area of the Big Temple were not systematically excavated, see II. D.ucovicir el al.. Prinr.ipalele raulla.lt ale. sapatu- rilor din 1973-1974 la t'lpia Traiana Sarmizefietnsa si seainifiralia lor, in Saryetia. 11- 12, 1971-1975, p. 22.r>ff; In., Prineipalelt rezultate ale sapalurilor din 1975-1977 la Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegelusa yii semnifieafia lor, in Sargetia, 14, 1979, p. 139ff. (7) In.. Principalele rezultate ale mpdlurilor din 1973-1977 la Ulpia Traiana Sannize- getusa si semnifiratia lur, in Sargelia, 1 t. 1979, p. 153. NOTES III UOC.CMF.NTS — NOTA'S F.N DOCUMENTED Other pints of I he silo such ;is the amphitheater and I ho forum veins, which had already boon excavated, wore also examined in order to recover metal finds which may have been missed during the excavations (see the map of Ihe site). In the area of the amphitheatre the surface of the arena underwent examination by metal deled ion. f> coins were recovered from this area, dat- ing from Hadrian In Septimius Sevorus. As the arena was not systematically excavated ("). I lie discovery of a wide chronological range of coins is not ■uprising. II is known lhal the amphitheatre had a long existence as a place for entertainment and as a fortification in the 4th century ("). In flic area of the fnriun veins, the coin finds can be directly linked with the archaeological context. In Ihe forum's courtyard after systematic excavations, Ihe present ground level has boon dated to Ihe reign of Trajan ("'). Following this chronological framework, the coin finds from this area vary in their dale of e from Ihe Republic lo Trajan. On the southern parts of the forum velus the archaeological excavations did nol reach yet the earliest levels on the whole surface {basilica, room 24. behind Ihe curia) at the lime of metal de- tecting (see the map of the forum velus) ("). The coins recovered from Ibis part were minted for Trajan but also for later emperors, namely Hadrian and (iordian III. Three coins (no. 10, 13, 81) were found near the eastern city wall, intra minus, as a result of an incidental metal delecting in that area. Some observations ran also be made on (he numismatic aspects offered by these coin finds. Of particular interest was the small hoard found in the courtyard of the forum ve.tus. The hoard consisted of 15 denarii dating from Caesar to Domitian. The. quantity of coins and the state of preservation of the hoard (n), show that il can be considered, as a t small pocketful of mon- ey » ("). probably an accidental loss and not a hoard conceived in purpose. As it was already mentioned above, the find spot of this hoard was dated in the reign of Trajan. On the basis of ils structure and ils archaeological context, this monetary discovery can he considered as proof thai at the beginning of the 2nd century Al), the Republican issues were still in circulation, together with issues of the second half of the 1st century AD. In fact, the. aggregate of coin finds from the forum veins of Uljria Traiana Sarmizegeiusa proved that (8) For the state ol research at the amphitheatre from I'lpia Traiana Sarmizegeiusa see. I). Aue.r, Y. Popa, K. Bota, Cerretari arheologiee la Sarmizegeiusa. Campania 199.1: amplattrul, in AM.X. 31/ I. 1994, p. 48711". (9) Ibidem, p. 187, (10) R. Etirwk. I. Piso, A I. Dtaoonescu, The Excavations in Ihe Forum velus of tetania Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegeiusa (manuscript). (11) The systematic excavations in these areas started in the summer of 1995, and three of Ihe authors of this article (G. Baeslean. ('.. Roman. C. Gflzdae) took pari in it. (12) The coins were found stuck together with no trace of an object (leather, wood, pollers or melal) which could have kept them. (13) A. Robbktson, An Inventory of llomano-Brilish Coin Hoards (cds. R. Ilohhs. T. Bui I rev), Loudon. 2000. see the Introduction. 238 MELANGES — MENGELINGEN of Lhe coins were issued in the period prior to AD 105 (,J). At the same time lhe last coin of this small hoard (Domitian, AD 81) in connection with Lhe archaeological context (Trajan's reign) once more raises the question about the long period between the (late of issue and the date of loss of a coin (isolated or within a hoard). Concerning the isolated finds uncovered by the metal detecting, the statis- tics indicated a similar picture with the general pattern of coin find frequency of the site (see the comparative graph) ('*). Among the identified coins 32% were issued before the conquest of Dacia. The most frequently found coins, are those of Trajan (12.2%, 0.6 finds/ year of reign - see the general fable) which could be explained as a result of the massive injection together as a possible long period of circulation of these coins not only at Ulpia Traiunu but within the entire new province. Another increase of Lhe coefficient of finds/year of reign can be noted for the reign of Philip I (see the general ta- ble). The higher coefficient of finds/year for this emperor was in concordance with the general pattern of the province (see lhe general graph of province). The explanation was the opening of the mints of Vimirtacium (during the reign of Gordian III), and of the province of Dacia (during the reign of Philip I). These mints were the main suppliers of bronze coins not only in Dacia but also in Moesia Superior and the Lwo Pannoiiiae ("'). All 6 coins of Philip I were minLed at Viminacium (4) and in the province of Dacia (2). The latest identified coin was a sestertius of Valerian I issued in the last years of the mint of Dacia (AD 255-256). Unfortunately, due to the poor state of preservation, 25 of the coins (23.5%) found during this expedition, were impossible to accurately identify. In the end, it can be said that the aims of this expedition were fully ac- complished. The quantity of Lhe material recovered (not only Lhe coins) was impressive, especially because it was found in only seven days of metal de- tecting. AL the same lime, new places for future archaeological excavations were identified. Appkndix I: Identified coins by findspols Forum vetus: a. the courtyard: i) hoard (6. Julius Caesar - Domitian); ii) isolated finds: M. Antony (1), Trajan (I) b. south of the decumanus mascimus: Trajan (1), c. Lhe basilica: Trajan (1), Sevcrus Alexander (1) d. lhe room 24: Trajan (1), Hadrian (1) (11) R. Ardevan, C. Gazdac, Appendice numismatique, in The Forum wins of eolo- nia Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegelusa, 1990, (manuscript report). (15) For the general pattern of coin finds from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegelusa see, C. Gazdac, The. Monetary Circulation from lhe Middle and Lower Danube from Trajan to Cons/online I (AD 106-337), Cluj-Napoca, 2003, see plale K 1. (16) Ibidem. NOTES ET DOCUMENTS - NOTA S FN DOCUMRNTRN 239 e. in troul or the curia: Gordian III (1) f. behind the curia: Tiberius (1) The amphitheatre (arena): Trajan (1), Hadrian (1). Antoninus Pius (1), M. Aurelius (1). Septimius Scvcrus (1) South of the temple of Aeskulapios and Hygea: (1). Tiberius (1), Vespasian (1) Field C: Trajan (2), Antoninus Pius (6), M. Aurelius (1), Didius Julianus (1), Scvcrus Alexander (1), Gordian III (1) Field G J: M. Antony (1). Claudius I (1). Trajan (3), Septimius Severus (2), Scvcrus Alexander (2), Gordian III (1). Philip I (1) Field G 2: Vespasian (1). Trajan (2), Hadrian (1), M. Aurelius (1), Commodus (1), Kla- gabal (1), Severus Alexander (2), Philip I (1) Field G 3: Trajan (1). M. Aurelius (1), Commodus (1) Field J: Augustus (1), Hadrian (2), M. Aurelius (1), Septimius Severus (1), Klagahal (1), Severus Alexander (1), Philip I (1) Field K: Tilus (1) Field /,.- Nero (1), Hadrian (1) Field M: Antoninus Pius (1), M. Aurelius (1). Septimius Severus (I), Severus Alexander (2), Gordian III (1). Philip 1 (3), Trajan Deems (2) Field L + M: M. Antony (1), M. Aurelius (1) Eastern city wall (intra muros side): Vespasian (1). M. Aurelius (1), Valerian I (1) Appendix II: Catalogue of coins found with metal detectors at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (17) HOARD Findspot: Forum vetus, courtyard Julius Caesar 1. Denarius; a 18,2 mm: 2,98 g; Cr 443/1; Mint - moving with Caesar, RC -19-18; Inv. No. 31259 T. Carisius 2. Denarius; o 17,5 x 16 mm: 3,25 g; Cr 464/3, a, b; Home, BC 46; Inv. No. 31200 M. Antony 3. Denarius: o 17,3 x 15,6 mm; 2,30 g; Cr 544/5, var: AH; Mint moving with M. An- tony, RC 32-31; Inv. No. 31261 Vespasian 4. Denarius; o 18,2 mm; 2,52 g; RIC II, p. 16, no. 10; Rome, AD 69-71: Inv. No. 32262 Titus 5. Denarius; a 18,5 mm; 2,03 g: RIC II, p. 119, no. 21 b: Rome. AD 79-80: Inv. No. 32263 Domitian 6. Denarius; a: 16,8 mm; 2.12 g; RIC II, p. 156, no. 23: Rome, AD 81; Inv. No. 32201 ilT) Only the coins from l.he hoard are illustrated. 240 MELANGES — MF.KGELINGEN ISOLATED FINDS REPUBLICAN COINS C. ServeUi M.F. 1. Denarius - 2 frgls: Cr 239/1; Rome, BC 130; Findspol: south of I lie temple ol Aeskulapios and Ilygia; luv. No. 30077 M. Antony 2. Denarius; a 20.5 x 17 mm: 2,81 g; Cr 511/8-11; Mint moving with M. Antony. BC 32-31; Findspol: Held Gl; Inv. No. 300") I 3. Denarius: u 17,2 x 15.7 mm; 2,61 g; Cr 544/9-11; Mint moving with M. Antony, BC 32-31; Findspol: field M+L; Inv. No. 31266 4. Denarius, hurnt; a 16,9 nun; 2 g; Obv: [...] Ill VIR R P C : Rv: illegible; Cr 544; Mini moving wilh M. Antony, BC 32-31: I'indspol: Forum I'rtus, courty.; Inv. No. 31267 THE ROMAN EMPIRE Augustus 5. As; u 25.3 mm; 9.35 g; Obv: head laureate r.: Rv: in the center a building flanked by columns on which stand I wo Victories; cl. HIC I2, type of the Altar' series, p. 571: Lugdunum, BC 10-14 AD; Kindspot: field J; Inv. No. 30092 Tiberius( ?) 6. As: a 25 mm: 8,26 g: Obv: illegible legend, head laureate I.; Rv: illegible; Findspot: north-east of Ihe temple of Aeskulapios and Hygia; Inv. No. 30079 Tiberius: Drusus 7. As: o 14,7 mm; 8.82 g; R/C 1.2, p, 97, no. 47; Bonn', AD 21-22: I'indspol: Forum veins, behind the euria; Inv, No. 30107 Claudius ? (first half of the 1st century) 8. As; i> 25.6 mm: 9.62 g; Obv: illegible legend head r.; Rv: illegible; Findspol: field Gl: Inv. No. 30094 notfs ht documents - NOT.\'s F.N" nOCITMKNTKN 211 Nero 9 As; e 17.2 \ 15.5 mm; 5.98 g; RIC 1.2, p. 169. no. 312; Home, AD 5-1-68; Findspot: Held L north; In v. No. .100(57 Vespasian 10. Denarius: o 17.3 mm; 2.14 g; RIC 11. p. 19, no. 12: p. 23. no. SO; p. 30. no. 137; Rome. Al) 72-71; Findspol: west of IJii' eastern wall of the town; Inv. No. 31268 11. As: o 21.0 mm; 8,45 g; Obv: illegible legend, silhouette of a head r.; Rv: illegible; AD 69-79: Findspol: north-east of the temple of Acskulapios and llvgia; Inv. No. 30062 Vespasian: Domitian 12. Denarius: o 18.1 mm; 2,76 g; RIC II. p. 42, no. 238; Home. Al) 76; Findspol: field G2: Inv. No. 31269 Titus: Domitian 13 Denarius; o 19 mm; 2.16 g: RIC II, p. 122, no. 51; Rome, AD 80; Findspol: field K: Inv. No. 30076 Trajan 14. Denarius; o 18,1 mm; 3,10 g; RIC. I, p. 245. no. 6: Rome. AD 98-99; Findspot: Forum vrlus. courtyard; Inv. No. 30031 15. Denarius; o 18.9 mm: 2,60 g: RIC 11. p. 217. no. 10: Home, AD 100: Findspot: field Gl; Inv. No. 31370 16. Denarius; o 17.8 mm; 2,31 g: RIC II. p. 218, no. 52: Rome. AD 101-102: Find- spol: Kohl G2; Inv. No. 30037 17. Denarius; o 18,8 mm; 2,12 g; RIC II, p. 260, no. 239; Rome. AD 112-111; Find- spot: Forum vrlus, south of the decumanm maximus drain channel; Inv. No. 30017 18. Denarius; o 18.5 mm; 2.27 g; RIC II, p. 266, no. 315; Rome. AD 114-117; Find- spot: field P.; Inv. No. 30048 19. Denarius - fragmentary: Rv: illegible; RIC II, p. 267. no. 326-328; p. 269, no. 351; Rome. AD 111-117: Findspot: field C; Inv. No. 31271 20. Denarius; o 17,4 mm: 2.62 g; RIC II, p. 269. no. 355; Rome, AD 114-117; Find- spot: field G2; Inv. No. 31272 21. Dupondius; o 25,9 mm; 10.64 g: RIC II- p. 288, no. 620; Home. AD 112-111; Findspol: Forum veins, room 24; Inv. No. 30063 22. Seslertius; e 33,0 mm; 24,79 g; RIC U, p. 288, no. 633; Home, AD 112-114; Find- spot: Amphitheatre, arena; Inv. No. 30108 23. Dupondius; a 15.2 mm: 9.28 g; RIC II. p. 290, no. 653; Rome. AD 11 1-117; Find- spol: field Gl; Inv. No. 30058 24. Dupondius; o 26,8 mm: 12 g; Obv: illegible legend, silhouette of a head r.; Rv: erased; AD 98-117; Findspol: Held Gl; Inv. No. 30098 25. As; o 21.2 mm: 5.19 g; Obv: illegible legend, head laureate; Rv: Fax seating L, holding branch and seepler common type: AD 98-117; Findspot: field 03; Inv. No. 30013 Trajan (?) 26. Dupondius; o 17,6 mm: 8.26 g; Obv: illegible legend, silhouette of a head radiate r.; Rv: erased: AD 98-117V; Findspol: Forum vetus, basilica; Inv. No. 30101 Hadrian 27. Denarius; o 17,5 mm: 2.67 g; RIC II, p. 355. no. 131; Rome. AD 120-121; Find- spol: Held 02: Inv. No. 30046 28. As: o 23,5 mm; 7.17 g: Obv: illegible legend, head laureate r.; Rv: S/C silhouette of a person waled r.; Type R, AD 125-128; Findspot: field I.; Inv. No. 30061 242 MELANGES — MKNGEI.INUEN 29 As: 0 25.1 mm; 5,82 g.; Obv: illegible legend, head laureate r.; Rv: illegible; RIC II, p. 336,Type <".: Rome, AD 132-134; Findspot: field J; Inv. No. 3001)6 30. As: <> 26 mm; 8,3" g; RIC II, p. 120. no. 616 (a); Home. AD 121-122; Findspot: field J; Inv. No. 31273 31. Qnadrans: o 16,5 mm; 2.47 g: RIC II. p. 169, no. 977; Rome. AD 134-138; Find- spot: Forum vetus, room 21: Inv. No. 30097 Hadrian: Sabina 32. Denarius: o 15,9 mm; 3,12 g; RIC [1.2, p. 387, no. 396; Rome, AD 134-138; Kind- spot: Amphitheater, arena; Inv. No. 30109 Antoninus Pius 33. Denarius; a 17.0 mm; 2.87 g; RIC III. p. 39, no. Ill; Rome, AD 143-144; Find- spot: field C; Inv. No. 30039 34 Denarius; a 17.6 mm; 2,72 g: RIC III, p. 51, no. 203; Rome, AD 151-152; Find- spot: field C; Inv. No. 30075 35. Dupondius - fragmentary; o 21 mm; -; RIG III. p. 141, no. 919; Rome, AD 153- 154; Findspot: field C; Inv. No. 30063 (a) 36. Dupondius; o 26 x 23.1 mm; 11.53 g; RIC III, p. 1 16, no. 970; Rome, AD 156-157; Findspot: field M; Inv. No. 31271 Antoninus Pius: M. Aurelius (Caesar) 37. Denarius; o 17.5 mm; 2.77 g; RIC III, p. 89, no. 175 (a): Rome. AD 157-158; Findspot: south-east of field ('.: Inv. No. 30078 Antoninus Pius: Diva Faustina I 38. Denarius; a 17,8 mm: 2,65 g; RIC III. p. 72, no. 370; Rome, AD post 1 11; Find- spol: field C; Inv. No. 30074 39. Sestertius; o 33.7 mm; 26,08 g; RIC III, p. 164, no. 1130; Rome, AD posl 1 11; Findspot: Amphitheater, arena; Inv. No. :i!275 40. As: a 29 mm; 12.56 g; Obv: illegible legend bust r.: Rv: Vesta standing I. holding scepter, sacrificing over altar; RIC HI, p. 168, no. 1187; Rome. AD post 111; Find- spot: Held C; Inv. No. 31276 M. Aurelius 41. Sestertius; o 29,6 mm; 20.21 g; RIC III. p. 285, no. 912; Rome. AD 165; Findspot: field M; Inv. No, 31331 42. Sestertius; o 27,8 mm; 21,25 g; RIC III, p. 310. no. 1237; Rome. AD 178-179; Findspot: field M+L: Inv. \o. 30103 43. Sestertius; o 29.4 mm; 22.65 g; Obv: .... NVS ... head laureale r.; Rv: erased; AD 161-180; Findspot: north of the rieaimiuius maximus, next to the easlern wall; Inv. No. 31280 44. Dupondius; a 25 nun; 11,38 g; Obv: illegible legend silhouette of a head radiate r.; Rv: erased; AD 161-180; Findspot: west of field G2; Inv. No. 31281 M. Aurelius: L. Verus 45. Sestertius; o 33,5 mm; 27,13 g; RIC 111, p. 318, no. 1308; Rome. AD 162 -163; Findspot: Amphitheatre, arena; Inv. No. 31277 M. Aurelius: Faustina II 46. As: o 25.5 mm: 10.61 g; RIC 111. p. 316. no. 1655; Rome, Al) 161-180: Findspot: field 03: Inv. No. 31279 M. Aurelius: Faustina II (?) 47. As; o 24.5 x 21,2 mm; 4,13 g: Obv: illegible legend, silhouette of a bust r.: Rv: erased; Findspot: field J; Inv. No. 31282 notes et documents - nota's kn docuhbnten 243 M- Aurelius: Lucilla 48 Sestertius fragmentary: HIC III. p. 352, no. 1736, 1738; Home, AD 161-169; Find- spot: field C: lnv. No. 30082 49 Sestertius - fragmentary; HIC III. p. 354, no. 1709: Rome. AD 161-169: Findspol: field J: lnv. No. 31270 Commodus 50 Dupondius; a 26.2 x 22, 8 mm; 11,18 g; PIC 111, p. 102, no, 302: Rome, AD 180; Findspot: Held G3; lnv. No. 30056 51 Sestertius; a 27.2 x 25 mm: 11.18 g; HIC III, p. 416. no. 110; p. 118, no. 451-152; p. 119, no. 459c; Home. AD 183-185; Findspol: field G2: lnv. No. 31283 Didius Iulianus: Didia Clara 52. Denarius; o 17,1 mm: 2,73 g: HIC IV.l. p. 16. no. 10; Rome. AD 193; Findspol: Bdd C. middle; lnv. No. 31281 Septimius Severus 53 Denarius; o 16.2 mm; 1,79 g: HIC IV.l, p. 103, no. 107: Rome. AD 197-198; Find- spot: Amphitheater, arena: lnv. No. 30113 54. Denarius - plated: o 18 mm; 1,70 g; HIC IV.l, p. 124, no. 261; Home, AD 202- 210; Findspot: field J: lnv. No. 30112 55 Denarius; a 18,1 mm; 2,66 g; HIC IV.l, p. 116. no. 411; Kmessa, AD 194-195; Findspot: field M; lnv. No. 30089 56. Sestertius; o 28.1 mm; 17.81 g; Obv: illegible legend, head bare r.; Rv: Fortnna svsiled I. holding I he rudder and cornucopia; under chair a wheel (common type); AD 193-211; Findspol: field 01; lnv. No. 30060 Septimius Severus: Julia Dorana 57. Denarius; n 18.5 x 16.5 mm; 2.19 g; HIC IV.l. p. 170, no. 580; Rome. AD 196- 211: Findspol: field 01: lnv. No. 30019 Elagabal 58. Denarius; o 18,8 x 17 mm; 2,08 g; HIC IV.2, p. 35, no. 108; Rome, AD 218-222; Findspot : field J, middle; lnv. No. 30038 Elagabal: Julia Soaemias 59. Denarius; o 17,6 mm; 1,55 g; HIC IV.2, p. 18. no. 241; Rome, AD 222; Findspot: field 02; lnv. No. 31285 Severus Alexander 60 Denarius: o 19,5 mm; 1,80 g; HIC. IV.2. p. 71. no. 5; Rome. AD 222: Findspol: field Gl: lnv. No. 30035 61. Denarius - plated: o 18.1 mm; 2,55 g: HIC IV.2, p. 74, no. 42: Rome, AD 224; Findspot: field M; lnv. No. 31371 62. Denarius; o 17,2 mm; 1.87 g; PIC IV.2, p. 75, no. 61: Rome. AD 227; Findspot: field 02; lnv. No. 30115 63. Denarius; 0 18,2 mm: 2,49 g; PIC IV.2. p. 85, no. 181 A; Rome. AD 228-231: Findspot: field G2; lnv. No. 30052 64. Denarius; o 18.5 mm; 1.79 g; HIC IV.2, p. 85, no. 190; Rome, AD 228-231: Find- spot: field 0; lnv. No. 31286 Severus Alexander: civic coins of Nicaea Bithyniae 65. Small bronze; o 20 mm; 3.42 g: Mionnel. Suppl. V. p. 138, no. 795: AD 222-235; Findspot: field J; lnv. No. 30071 244 MELANGES — MK.NGKI.INGEN 66. Small bronze: o 21 mm; 4,39 g; Mionnet, SuppL V, p. 138, no. 795; 222-235; Find- spol: field G1; Inv. No. 30008 67. Small bronze; o 18 mm; 3,19 g: Mionnet, Suppl. V, p. 139, no. 796-798; AD 222- 285; Findspot: field .1; Tnv. No. 30090 Severus Alexander: Julia Mamaea 68. Dupondius; a 27,8 mm; 11,93 g; RIC IV.2. p. 125. no. 681; Rome, AD 222-235; Findspol: Forum veins, basilica; Inv. No. 31287 Gordian III 69. Autoninianus; o 20.3 mm; 3,06 g; RIC IV.3, p. 16. no. I: Home. AI) 238-239; Findspol: field Gl; Inv. No. 30051 70. Aiilonininmis; « 22.3 mm: 2,79 g: RIC IV.3, p. 31. no. 1 17; Rome, Al) 213-211; Findspot: Forum oetus, in fronl of t.lto curio; Inv. No. 30100 71. Dupondius; a 23 mm; 7.92 g; RIC IV.3, p. 46, no. 285: Rome, AI) 240: Findspot: field M; Inv. No. 30105 72. Sestertius; o 28 mm: '23,22 g; Martin p. 26. no. 1.01. var. 1; Viminacium, AI) 239- 240: Findspot: field C; Inv. No. 30066 Philip I 73. Sestertius: o 21.3 mm; 21,17 g; Martin p. 42. no. 2.09. var. 1: Viminarium, AD 243-21 I; Findspol: field M; Inv. No. 30011 74. Sestertius; a 26.5 mm: 11,07 g; Martin p. 43, no. 2.12. var. 3; Viillinacillnl, AD 241-215; Findspol: west of field 02; Inv. No. 30072 75. Sestertius; o 27.3 mm; 16.16 g; Martin p. 48, no. 2.30, var. 1; Viminacium. AD 247-218; Findspot: field .1; Inv. No. 31288 76. Dupondius; o 20.8 mm; 5.55 g: Martin p. 84. no. 2.51. var. I; no. 2.59, var. 2; Daeia. A I) 217-218; Findspol: field M; Inv. No. 30055 77. Dupondius: o 27,1 mm; 1.19 g; Martin p. 86, no. 3.59, var. (i: Dacia, AD 217-248: Findspot: field M; Inv. No. 30101 Philip I: Marcia Otacilia Severa 78. Sestertius: 0 27,1 mm; 16.22 g; Martin p. 91. no. 2.77, var. 1: Viminacium, AD 217-218; Findspol: field Gl ; Inv. No. 30057 Trajan Decius 79. Autoninianus: o 21.2 mm: 3,52 g; RIC IV.3, p. 125. no. 16 (a); Antioch, AD 249- 251: Findspol: field M; Inv. No. 30099 80. Sestertius ('?); a 25,9 mm; 11,22 g; RIC IV.3, p. 136, no. 125 (a. b); Rome, AD 219-251; Findspot: field M; Remark: cast coin; Inv. No. 30065 Valerian I 81. Sestertius: 0 26,4 mm; 7.73 g; Martin p. 105. no. 7.60, var. 2: Daeia. AD 255-256: Findspol: north of the (Icaiiiiaiws maximus. next to the eastern wall; Inv. No. 30073 UNIDENTIFIED COINS 82. Denarius - fragmentary, burnt; Findspol: field G2; Inv. No. 31372 83. Sestertius; o 28,8 mm; 16,30 g; Findspol: field C; Inv. No. 30093 84. Sestertius? - fragmentary; Findspol: field M+L; Inv. No. 30070 85. As - burnt; o 27,10 x 24,30 nun: 9,59 g; Findspot: Forum: aedes Fabrum - added rooms; Inv. No. 30010 86. As ( '): Findspot: field C; Inv. No. 30012 87. As; o 20 mm; 3,77 f>; Findspot: Amphitheater, arena: Inv. No. 30011 88. As; e 26 mm; 9,64 g; Findspol: field C, middle; Inv. No. 30015 Rotes et documents — not.v's kn documf.ntkn 215 £5.3 nun: 9.20 g; Hv: P M S COL VIM?; Findspol: field C; Inv. No. 90 As?: n 22.5 mm: 6.62 a; Findspul: field C; Inv. No. 30083 91. As - fragmentary: I'indspot: field C; Inv. No. 3008-1 92 \«. 22.4 x 20.3 mm; 5,03 g; Findspot: field G3; Inv. No. 30085 93 \s; o 28.7 x 24,9 mm; 6.98 g; Findspol: field 03: Inv. No. 30086 94 \s? - fragmentary; Findspol: field G3; Inv. No. 30087 95 As: .. 26.3 mm; 10.36 g; Findspol: Tic-Id .1; Inv. No. 30088 96 As: e 25.5 mm; 5.28 «; Findspol: Held M: Inv. No. 30093 97 As: o 25,9 x 24 mm; 8.69 g; Findspol: field M; Inv. No. 30106 98 As? - fragmentary; Findspot: field M; Inv. No, 30110 99 As?: o 20.8 mm; 3.62 g: Findspol: field M: Inv. No. 30111 100. As: n 28.9 mm; 7.20 g; Findspol: field C; Inv. No. 30053 101 Acs?; o 22,9 x 20.8 mm: 3,16 g; Findspot: north of field 02: Inv. No. 30102 UNIDENTIFIED COINS: possible civic coins 102 Small bronze Nieaea (?) — fragmentary: Findspot: field C: Inv. No. 30080 103. Bronze; a 19.8 mm; 3,74 g; Findspol: field C: Inv. No. 30081 104. Bronze; u 18.3 mm: 2,36 g; Findspot: field C; Inv. No. 30095 105. Bronze; o 23 mm: 7.72 g; Findspot: Amphitheater: arena; Inv. No. 31291 106. Bronze; <> 22.1 mm: 5.23 g: Findspot: field C: middle: Inv. No. 30114 Cristian Gazdac (*), Gien Bakstraw Crisliun Homan, Bruce Whight (*) Cristian Gazdag, Institute of Archaeology and History of Arts CIuj-Napoca, Sir. (".. Daicoviciu 2. R-34IK) Clnj-N'apoca. E-mail: cgazdar2000@yahooxo.uk Appendix III: The Coins from Ulpia Sarmizegdusa (table) The coins from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (metal detecting campaign - 1995) Finds/year Ant D S Dp As Qd Civic coins Plated Total of reign No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % Republic 1 ion 1 0,9 - M. Antony :i 300 3 2,8 - Augustus 1 10ft 1 0,9 0,02 Tiberius 2 100 2 1,8 0,08 Claudius I I 100 1 0,9 0,07 Nero 1 100 1 0,9 0,07 Vespasian 2 66,6 1 33,3 3 2,8 0,3 Titus 1 100 1 0,9 0,5 Trajan 7 57,3 1 8.1 4 32,7 1 8.1 13 12,2 0,6 Hadrian ■> 33,3 3 50 1 16.6 6 5,6 0,2 Antoninus Pius 4 50 1 12,5 2 25 1 12,5 8 7.5 0,3 M. Aurelius 6 66,6 1 11,1 2 22,2 9 8,4 0,4 Commodus 1 50,0 1 50 2 1.8 0,1 Didius Julianus 1 1IHI 1 0,9 1 Sept Severus 3 60 1 20,0 1 20 5 4,7 0,2 Elagabal 2 1(K) 2 1,8 0,5 Sev. Alexander 1 11,4 1 11,1 3 33,3 1 11,1 9 8,4 0,6 Gordian III 2 50 1 25,0 1 20 4 3,7 0,8 Philip I 5 83,3 1 16,6 6 5,6 1,2 Trajan Decius 1 50 1 50,0 2 1,8 0,5 Valerian I 1 100 1 0,9 0,1 Unidentified 1 1 2 s.o 17 68 5 20 25 23,5 TOTAL 3 2,8 31 29,2 20 18,8 11 10.3 30 28.3 1 O.d 8 7,5 2 1.8 106